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Transnational Corporations (TNCs)
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A large business with operations and outlets in a range of countries
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Cross-media ownership
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When a company owns a range of media forms, such as TV and newspaper
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Media conglomerate
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An organisation that owns large numbers of companies in various mass media such as television, radio publishing and films
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Vertical integration
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When a media company controls every stage of media production e.g. it makes and broadcasts TV programme
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Synergy
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Integration of different media forms
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Market mechanism
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Of the media, a pluralist that media content is determined by audiences through supply and demand
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Old media
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Analogue media such as cinema, TV and print
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New media
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Digital media such as internet, PCs and digital TV
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Ideological state apparatus (ISA)
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A collection of institutions that transmit ideology that supports the existing social arrangements
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Legitimation
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Making the system seem just and fair
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Hegemation
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The ideological control that the ruling-class elite have over the masses
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False consciousness
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The illusion instilled into the working class that the capitalist system is fair for everyone in society
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Deviance amplification
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When the actions of the media or police cause more crime to be committed or detected
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Secondary deviance
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When crackdowns on deviance produce further deviance in response to action by police and others
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Mass culture
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Contemporary culture as the product of capitalism, mass production and the mass media
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