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Survey
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A method of collecting primary data based on communication (questions and answers) with a representative sample of respondents
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Sample survey
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A more formal term for a survey
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Random sampling error
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A statistical fluctuation that occurs because of a chance variation in the elements selected for a sample
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Systemic error
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Error resulting from some imperfect aspect of the research design that causes respondent error or from a mistake in the execution of the research
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Sample bias
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A persistent tendency for the results of a sample to deviate in one direction from the true value of the population parameter
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Respondent error
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Sample bias resulting from some respondent action or inaction such as nonresponse or response bias
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Nonresponse error
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The statistical differences between a survey that includes only those who responded and a perfect survey that would also include those who failed to respond
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Nonrespondents
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People who are not contacted or who refuse to cooperate in the research
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No contacts
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People who are not at home or who are otherwise inaccessible on the first and second contact
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Refusals
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People who are unwilling to participate in a research project
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Self-selection bias
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A bias that occurs because people who feel strongly about a subject are more likely to respond to survey questions that people who feel indifferent about it
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Response bias
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A bias that occurs when respondents either consciously or unconsciously tend to answer questions with a certain slant that misrepresents the truth
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Acquiescence bias
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A tendency for respondents to agree with all or most questions asked of them in a survey
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Extremity bias
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Response bias - some individuals tend to use extremes when responding to questions
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Interview bias
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Response bias - the presence of the interviewer influences respondent's answers
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