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What kind of costs increase in increments, not per unit produced?
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Step-variable costs
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The range of activity within which the assumptions made about cost behavior are reasonably valid is defined as what?
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Relevant range
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Investments in facilities, equipment, and basic organizational structures that can't be significantly reduced, even for short periods of time, without making fundamental changes is defined as what?
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Committed fixed costs
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Those costs that arise from annual decisions by management to spend on certain cost items, such as advertising and research is defined as what?
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Discretionary fixed costs
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Which of the fixed costs categories can be adjusted?
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Discretionary fixed costs
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A cost that contains both variable and fixed cost elements is defined as what?
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Mixed costs
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An income statement format that organizes costs by their behavior. Costs are separated into variable and fixed categories rather than being separated according to organizational functions is defined as what?
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Contribution approach
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The amount remaining from sales revenues after variable expenses have been deducted is defined as what?
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Contribution margin
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How should the cost behavior within the relevant range for fixed costs be treated?
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Entirely fixed
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What is the equation to express the relationship between a mixed cost and the level of activity?
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Y = a + bX
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A method of separating a mixed cost into its fixed and variable elements by fitting a regression line that minimizes the sum of the squared errors is defined as what?
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Least-squares regression method
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"Goodness of fit";the percentage of the variation in the dependent variable that is explained by variation of the independent variable is defined as what?
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R squared
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How is the contribution margin ratio calculated?
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Contribution margin / Sales
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How is the contribution margin ratio calculated on a per unit basis?
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Unit contribution margin / Selling price
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What is the equation used for target profit analysis?
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Target Profit + Fixed expenses / Unit CM1
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