Lecture Exam 2

Involuntarymyosin and actin scatteredno striations ^^^one nucleus

Voluntarymultinucleatedstriations - organized arrangement of myosin and actin

One nucleusstriationsintercalated discsbranches

Smallest functional unitruns from z line - z linecontractile unit of musclescontains actin and myosin

Myosin - thick filament (nerds rope - willy wonka)actin - thin filament (twist)

Loss of negative membrane potentialcell membranes have negative charge; outside has positive

Membrane potential moves back to initial resting statenegative inside cellpositive outside

Neurotransmitter = acetylchoine (ACH)1. AP allows Ca to enter axon terminal2. ACH is released from synaptic vessicle3. ACH moves across synaptic cleft4. ACH binds to voltage gated channels and holds them open5. Na enters; Ka exits (through channels) = depolarization6. AP generated due to depolarization7. AP moves down T tubules8. Causes Ca release from cisternea9. Ca removes tropomyosin covers from actin10. myosin binds to actin and pulls actin filaments towards center of sacromere=CONTRACTION

Glycolysis w/ O2 (cytoplasm) = 2 ATPkrebs cycle (mitochondrial cristae) = 2 ATPETC (M. matrix) = 322+2+32=36

Glycolysis (no O2) = 2 ATPlactic acid fermentation build upO2 debt is created

Periosteumcircumferance lamellaeosteonlamellaecentral canallacuneacanaliculus

Stronger than compactaccepts more stress b/c/ fibers go in various directionsno osteonslooks like a sponge

Yellow - fat cells; stores lipids (calcium and phosphate)red - red/white blood cells/production

Craniumfacevertebral column (cervical, thoracis, lumbar)thorax (ribs, sternum)

Pectoral girdle (clavicle, scapula)upper limb (humerus, radius, ulnar, wrist/hand)lower limb (femur, patella, tibia, fibula, ankle/foot)