Leadership and Organizational Behavior

A system of beliefs that exists within a larger ideological context. It consists of interlocking scientific, social, and political views and commitments. A paradigm shift is when a significant change in thinking occurs.

Developed by Frederick Taylor, a way of breaking jobs down through the use of scientific measurements into a series of small, related tasks. Utilize more scientific methods for worker selection and training them for specific jobs. Clearly establish a boundary between management and workers. Establish discipline which allows management to set goals and workers to complete them.

VIew of the entire organization, as opposed to the individual worker to focus attention. There is one way to perform a task. Consists of two perspectives:1 - Scientific management focuses on the management of work and workers. Four Principles of Frederick Taylor.2 - Administrative management - addresses issues concerning how overall organizations should be structured.

Theory Z: commitment to the people - its workers - as the most important asset. Humanize working conditions to improve production as well as self-esteem for employees. Based on the interactions between people. Brought about by the Western Electric Study. The application of scientific management strategies needed to be done so with greater care.

An organization is an integrated system of interdependent structures and functions. An organization is constituted of groups and a group consists of people who must work in harmony. Each person must know what the others are doing. Each one must be capable of receiving messages and be sufficiently disciplined to obey

Body of solutions to external and internal problems that has worked consistently for a group and that is therefore taught to new members as the correct way to perceive, think about, and feel in relation to those problems. Culture refers to the norms, values, beliefs, rules, and philosophy shared by people in an organization over time that give meaning to the work of the organization and establish the behavioral norms for people in the organization. Climate refers to the characteristics of the total environment in a school building. Referred to as the "atmosphere, tone, personality, or the ethos" of the school.

The study of behavior using apparatus under the controlled conditions of a laboratory that permits the experimenter to reinforce desired behaviors by controlling rewards and consequences. Focusing on the extrinsic motivation that reinforced desired behaviors and extinguishes undesired behaviors.

Interprets behavior arising from an interaction between the personality characteristics of an individual and the social characteristics of the group or organization in which the behavioral condition exists. Lewin, the founder, came up with the field theory expressed as B=f(p*e)

Studies the human behavior that is generated by attention, motivation. perception, memory, learning, information processing, reasoning, problem solving, judgment, decision making, language processing, and sensation. Chomsky was the orginator.

A composite of theories of action that underlies, and gives direction to, one's professional practice. One's personal understanding of causal relationships arising from the processes of gathering, organizing, and integrating facts and experiences that one has encountered.

Theory usually based on open systems (ones that are impacted upon by their environment), which takes account for the inputs from the environment, the processing of that goes on inside of the system (school), and the outputs to society. Institutional and personal dimensions are best understood as dynamically interactive social systems.

Originally, a study intended to measure the productivity due to greater illumination. However, after the study concluded, productivity still rose. Because of this study, human variability began to be studied and utilized by administrators (morale, group dynamics, democratic supervision, personnel relations, and behavioral concepts of motivation).

Behavior is a function of the interaction of a person and their environment. Kurt Lewin's field theory of social psychology.

According to Weber1. a division of labor based on functional specialization.2. a well-defined hierarchy of authority3. a system of rules covering the rights and duties of employees.4. a system of procedures for dealing with work situations.5. impersonality of interpersonal relations.6. selection and promotion based only on technical competence

1. The central purpose of schools is to teach: success is measured by students' progress in knowledge, skills, and attitudes.2. The school is responsible for providing the overall environment in which teaching and learning occur.3. Schools must be treated holistically: partial efforts to deal with the needs of only some of the students and break up the unity of the program are likely to fail.4. The most crucial characteristics of a school are the attitudes and behaviors of the teachers and other staff, not material things such as the size of the library or the age of the physical plant.5. The school accepts responsibility for the success or failure of the academic performance of the students.
A school is effective because it gets good test scores.