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Language makes it possible to create new and unique sentences because it has a structure that is______ and ______. ?
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1. Hierarchal structure and governed by rules.
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All of the words a person understands are called a persons what?
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Lexicon
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What are phonemes? What are morphemes?
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A Phoneme is the two smallest units of language-which refer to sounds. It is the shortest segment of speech that, if changed, changes the meaning of a word. Morphemes are the smallest units of language that have a definable meaning or a grammatical function.
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What is the phonemic restoration effect?
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It's when a phoneme in a word is heard, even though it is obscured by a noise, such as a cough. This typically occurs when the word is part of a sentence.
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What is speech segmentation?
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The process of perceiving individual words from the continuous flow of the speech signal.
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What is word frequency? What is the word frequency effect?
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It is the relative usage of a word in a particular language. The WFE refers to the fact that we respond more rapidly to high frequency words like home than to low frequency words like bike.
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What happens in the lexical decision task?
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A participant reads a list that consists of words and nonwords. You have to decide which which group of letters forms an actual word. Readers look at low frequency words longer according to eye movement tests.
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What is lexical ambiguity?
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Words that can have more than one meaning. Ex: Bug can refer to insect or irritation or a listening device.
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What is lexical priming?
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Priming involving the naming of words.
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What is semantics? Syntax?
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Semantics is the meanings of words and sentences. Syntax is the rules for combining words into sentences.
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What is parsing?
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The mental grouping of words in a sentence into phrases. The goal of parsing is to determine the message of a sentence. This message is determined by the meanings of the words into sentence and how these words are grouped together into phrases.
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The parser determines what?
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The meaning of the sentence, primarily by determining how words are grouped together into phrases.
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What is the syntax-first approach to parsing?
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This approach focuses on how parsing is determined by syntax(the rules for combining words into sentences)-the grammatical structure of the sentence. The parsing mechanism groups phrases together based on structural principles.
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What is late closure?
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The principle of late closure states that when a person encounters a new word, the parser assumes that this word is part of the current phrase. ("Because he always jogs a mile seems like a short distance to him")
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What is a garden path sentence? Model?
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A garden path sentence is when you are reading a sentence that seems right, but turns out to be wrong. It states that if analysis in terms of syntax doesn't make sense, then semantics is used to clear up the ambiguity. Thus, according to this approach to parsing, syntax is first used, then semantics is called on, if needed, to make sense of the sentence.
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