Lab Exam for Geology 101

An inorganic, naturally occurring substance flatted a definite chemical composition

1. Color-what color is the rock?
2.luster- metallic (very reflective, shiny, polished), nonmetallic(non reflective, etc.)3.cleavage- tendency to break along flat, parallel surfaces (like a sliced loaf of bread)4. hardness-measure of resistance to scratching ( hard-will scratch glass)(soft-cant' scratch with glass but worth other materials)5. streak-color of substance after is has been scratched

1. intrusive-slow cooled, coarse grained, hardened under the surface2.extrusive-fast cooled, fine grained, erupted and hardened at the surface

Igneous rocks form when molten rock( liquified by intense heat and pressure) cools to a solid state*usually have glassy textures*

1.phaneritic- coarse grained (1-10 mm)2. pematiitc- very coarse grained (>1cm)3.aphanitic-fine grained(<1mm)4.porphyeitic- fine grained matrix with phenocrysts5.pyroclastic- broken and fragmented6.vesicular-full of bubbles and holes from gas

1. very fast= no crystals2.fast= fine/very fine grained3.slow= coarse grained

 forms when sediments are compressed together or otherwise hardened by earth materials (rock fragments, mineral grains, parts of plants/animals, rust)

1. size--- gravel(>2mm), sand( 1/16 mm), silt(1/256mm-1/16mm), clay(<1/256mm)2.shape- rounded or angular3. sorting- poor or well

If the rock reacts to acid, it tells you that you have calcite

A metamorphic rock is a rock that has undergone a physical change from one form to another due to changes in temperature, pressure, or both

The parent rock

1. slaty- very flat, resembling cleavage2.gneissic- alternating bands of light and dark mineral of medium to coarse grain3.schistose- very glittery(due to mica)4. phyllite- wavy/wrinkled texture with fine grained minerals

Contour line- A line on a topographic map representing a certain elevation at a certain locationindex contours- the heavy brown contour lines( have elevations printed on them)

An anticline is a fold structure in which the sides of the fold slope apart. Technically, it is a fold with younger rocks on the outside 

A bearing is the compass direction along a line from one point to anotherquadrant- if expressed in degrees east or west of true north or soundazimuth- may be expressed in degrees bewteen 0 and 360-- north =0 or 360, east= 90, south= 180, west =270