Kidney Flashcards

Streptocacus: ; target glomerular structure causing antibody formation and can penetration the fenestrations and attack proteins of the basement membranes causing inflamation - Viral infections - Systemic lupus erythematosis - IgA nephropathy; secreted antibody and stick the glomerular basement membrane.Loss of negative charges on the basement membrane in hypertensive kidney disease and diabetic nephropathy. Have a capillary bed that’s exposed to higher than normal hydrostatic pressure - Proteinuria or albuminuria; microalbuminaria (early warning sign)

Increased renal blood flow. Increased blood flow in the afferent arterial. Increased glomerular hydrostatic pressure. Decreased glomerular colloid osmotic pressure. Decreased bowman's capsule pressure. Decreased efferent arterial pressure.

Although when it increased it reduces filtration however, it pushes down fluid down into the proximal tubule

40 mL or more of pressure.

Sincie the hydrostatic pressure is always greater than the sum of bowman's space pressure and oncotic pressure, than the fluid is constantly filtered in the direction of bowman's space/tubules

At the peritubular capillaries. Concentrated oncotic pressure is higher than hydrostatic pressure.

Auto regulation of myogenic mechanism and tubuloglomerular feedback.sympathetic stimulation

Contraction does the following:Prevents over-distention of the afferent arteriole - Raises the vascular resistance of the afferent arteriole - Vasoconstricts the afferent arteriole - Prevents excessive increases in RBF & GFR (relatively constant)

Control of RBF and GFR in response to changes in Na+ concentration in the distal tubule. the cells that are at the junction of the distal tubule and the afferent efferent tubules are called macula densa.

Specialized epithelial cells of the distal tubules) that: - Sense change of Na+ and Clconcentration in tubular fluid; in distal tubule - Trigger afferent arteriolar vasodilation (decreased Na and Cl) or constriction (Increased Na and Cl) - Increase or decrease RBF and GFR in a negative feedback mechanism

Increased glomerular filtration rate. Leads tohigher amount of sodium and chloride left at the distal tubule. This will increase delivery of Na Cl to the macula densa which will then increase afferent arterial constriction and that will then feed back to decrease glomerular blood flow

Modulating the surface area of glomerular capillaries, the number of functioning nephrons is one determinant of the GFR

Inulin

Renal disease, DM, Hypertension

Urinary tract obstruction (i.e kidney stones)