KAPLAN Ch. 3

Has to do with how cities are related in interlinked, dependent ways, based on transportation and communications

Recognizes that urban centers have varying population sizes and levels of economic leverage

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Urban to rural shift in the 1970s.

Describes the process where a small settlement can grow into a village, a town, a city, or even a great metropolis.

o Begins with the establishment of a small manufacturing industry o Describes the growth of cities during the period of initial and rapid US industrialization o New industry > multiplier effect > local market growth > new industry > possibility of invention/innovation > invention/innovation > new industry…. o Multiplier effect – a circular and cumulative process of economic growth when new industry is created o Once an urban area has achieved a certain threshold size, the area has established an initial advantage at or near the top of the urban hierarchy

A circular and cumulative process of economic growth when new industry is created.

Once an urban area has achieved a certain threshold size, the area has established an initial advantage at or near the top of the urban hierarchy

-Improved models of transportation were a driving force behind the growth of US cities. -Epoch – a particular period of time marked by distinctive features, events, etc o Horse and Wagon Epoch 1790 – 1830 o Regional Railroad Network Epoch 1830 – 1870 o National Railroad Network Epoch 1870 – 1920 o Automobile/Airplane Epoch 1920 – 1960

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Concerned with the optimal or ideal spatial distribution of settlements over a landscape;seeks to explain the size, spacing, and functions of relatively small urban settlements or central places; - 5 key principles guide these relationships: the larger the size of a central place: ú the greater the distance it will be located from another central place of the same or larger size ú the greater the number of retail and service functions or activities found in that central place ú the larger the trade area served by that central place ú the higher the order of functions served by that central place, with larger centers having higher order functions and smaller centers having lower order functions ú the fewer such places, with smaller central places being larger in numbers

The degree to which the place is centrally located to serve a surrounding population.

The maximum distance a consumer is willing to travel to purchase a retail good or service.