Isms for Theology

O The utter depravity of human nature and that God’s grace only extends to a few o Belief in predestination o Believed that most Catholics were not worthy to receive Communion o Looked down on most Christians as spiritually inferior o Strict negative view of the human body & sexuality

O Humans are powerless and should not try to resist temptations because they are God’s will o We should not try to live the virtues or concern ourselves with heaven or hell

O religious skepticism or indifference o separation between religion and government

O does not deny God’s existence but marginalizes God’s involvement in creation o allows laws of creation to govern without any involvement o example: o like having a pet turtle but not caring for it

O humans and societies are not bound by any divine law o flaw: freedom at the expense of Church institutions o freedom of speech, ability to vote, equality o limitation of church institutions at the power of the ruling government

O Innate ideas § We all have knowledge of everything we just have to reason through it o Intuition deduction o The flaw: you can’t know everything o Example: § A straw in water appears bent but you cannot rely on your senses because you know the straw is straight

O knowledge can only be gained, if at all, by experience o the flaw: how did the first humans know what to do to survive?

O the belief that popular civil authority—often represented by the monarchs' authority or the State’s authority—over the Catholic Church is comparable to that of the Pope's o plays down the authority of the Pope in Church o A French development

O Loyalty to a “nation”- ethnicity, origin o The flaw: trying to create a nation at the expense of another nation

O “God is everything and everything is God” … the world is either identical with God or in some way a self-expression of his nature o everything that exists constitutes a “unity” and this all-inclusive unity is in some sense divine o signifies the belief that every existing entity is, only one Being; and that all other forms of reality are either modes (or appearances) of it or identical with it o the flaw: is God in evil?

O The ethical theory that pleasure (in the sense of the satisfaction of desires) is the highest good and proper aim of human life o Pursuit of pleasure; sensual self-indulgence o Seek pleasure in eating, shopping, etc.

O A philosophical theory or approach that emphasizes the existence of the individual person as a free and responsible agent determining their own development through acts of the will

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