Intro to Psychology Exam #2: The Phenomenon of Memory: The Rest

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36 cards   |   Total Attempts: 188
  

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Cards In This Set

Front Back
the persistence of learning over time through storage and retrieval of info
    • we once thought we could remember everything we recieved
Memory
we remember just enough to recognize something, penny example
  • recognition
    • the immediate brief recording of sensory info
      • two types:
        • 1.Iconic 2.Echoic
Sensory memory
Visual stimuli - like a photograph, lasts for a few tenths of a seconds
Iconic
Auditory Stimuli, lasts for about 3 to 4 seconds, like hearing mom's voice on phone
Echoic
process info into memory 2 types:
  • 1.automatic processing
    • 2.Effortful processing
Encoding
    • unconscious encoding of identical info
    • parallel processing
    • automatic - space, time, frequency, well learned
    • space - while studying, you often encode the place on a page where certain material appears; later, when struggling to recall that info, you may visualize its location
    • time - while going about your day, you unintentionally note the sequence of the day's events. Later, when you realize you've left your coat somewhere, you re-create that sequence and retrace your steps
    • frequency-you effortlessly keep track of how many times things happen, thus enabling you to realize "this is the third time I've run into her today"
Automatic processing
rehearsal and over-learning encoding that requires attention and conscious effort 3 diff types: 1.spacing Effect 2.Serial Position Effect 3.Rehearsal
Effortful Processing
    • distributed study (practice), better long term retention
Spacing Effect
We recall the first and last items best
Serial Position Effect
Conscious repetition, maintain in consios, encode-> storage
Rehearsal
  • used nonsensical "words" and it took him 32 times to practice and know what it was, practiced it 64 times to see if it makes a difference
  • the more you overlearn something, the more it sticks with you
  • repetition is the key to learning
  • over-learning --> more lasting memory
Ebbinghaus
storage decay over time
transience
    • storage decay
  • Forgetting
      • by Ebbinghaus, after you leave a class you forget about 90% in 30 days; after 2 days, it starts to level off,
Forgetting curve