Intro to Nursing Quiz 3

Kant believed that we have a duty to one another and through the duty, we develop our morals, Immanuel Kant was the predominant proponent of deontology- deon means duty

Is based on the fundamental belief that the moral rightness of an action is determined solely on it's consequence. Choices are made for the good of the community. Ex - Hospitals patients are seen based on priority.

Virtues are tendencies to act, feel, & judge that develop through appropriate training but come from natural tendencies.This suggests that individuals' actions are built from a degree of inborn moral virtue. It is being the person you want to be ex good, therefore your actions will be good.

Unacceptably low chance of acheiving a therapuetic benefit for the Pt. Ex. A healthcare provider cannot have a reasonable hope that a Tx will benefit a terminally ill Pt, the medical tx is considered futile care. 3 cases highlight medical futility - Helga Wanglie, In the Matter of Baby K, and Gilgunn v. Massachussettes Hospital

Dedication and comfort care for a Pt that is terminally ill. This is a specialized area of practice & has it's own standards. Ex. Cooper Green Hospital

Include CPR, medications, mechanical ventilations, artificial feeding and fluids, hemodialysis, chemo and other life sustaining technologies.

Helga Wanglie, PVS secondary to a mechanical ventilator for chronic lung disease. Her husband was granted the rights to keep her alive. Baby K born w/ anecephaly and was needed to be kept on a ventilator. Her mother won the right to take care of her. Gilgunn v. Mass General where the physician won the case b/c the jury agreed it was medical futility.

Limited reflexes in brain stem. You do not need mechanical ventilation b/c brain stem is intact. Ex. Terry Shiavo

RDE, is based on a individuals reasoning, that an act, causing good and evil, is permitted when the act meets the following conditions: The act alone, even if it is evil, is not in itself wrong. The intent /The agent intends the good, not the evil as an end or as a means. The agent exercises care to eliminate or mitigate the evil. Good Examples: Use of opiates. When the rule is applied, nurses must see that hastening death is a possible foreseen inevitable BUT unintended effect. ANA Code Nurses may have conflicting moral values concerning the use of high doses of opiates like morphine sulfate but one must reflect and remember to take each person and situation and circumstances into account.

Mercy Killing. Active Euthanasia is intentional and purposeful killing of a person w/ a terminal illness. Passive Euthanasia is w/ holding meds or tx Voluntary, Nonvoluntary, Involuntary, Assisted suicide, suicide

A written expression of a person's wishes about medical care in the event of a critical or terminal illness. Instructions re their future health care and for others to follow.

Autonomy, beneficence, fidelity, justice, nonmalificence, veracity

is based on that an individual has the right to determine their own actions and the freedom to make their own decisions. Based on (1) individuals' values, (2) adequate information, (3) freedom from coercion, and (4) reason and deliberation. Examples of the use of autonomy by the patient include deciding to refuse treatment; giving consent for treatment or procedures; and obtaining information regarding results of diagnostic tests, diagnosis, and treatment options.

The ethical principle of doing good.

FAITHFULNESS. State that nurses must be faithful in keeping their promises of respecting all individuals, upholding the Code of Ethics for Nurses, practicing within the scope of nursing practice, maintaining competence in nursing, abiding by the policies of the employing institution, and keeping promises to patients. Being faithful entails meeting reasonable expectations in all these areas.