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4 Broad Categories of Problem Solving
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1. Coordination: how to pursue common goals2. Distribution: how to allocate resources3. Monitoring: how to detect cheating on punishments4. Sanctioning: how to punish cases of cheating
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Differences between classical and neorealism
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Classical Realism: States seek powerNeorealism: States seek security
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Defining principle of classical realism
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States have an innate desire to dominate others, which leads to fighting wars.
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Two types of politcal structure in neorealism
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1. Anarchy: the absence of underlying formal ordering principle2. Hierarchy: ordered by the division of labor among units specializing in different tasks.**The international system is anarchic, the domestic system is hierarchic***
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3 Assumptions to Neorealism
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1. The international system in anarchic2. States seek to maximize security3. States are rational unitary actors
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6 implications of neorealism
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1. States are concerned with relative, rather than absolute gains.2. The world is naturally in a state of war; war is avoided by balancing power.3. A bipolar world is more stable and has fewer wars than a multipolar world.4. This is a self-help system, nobody can be trusted.5. Alliances are means to balance power and increase security.6. Cooperation is rare; if it is occurring, it is only temporary and will only continue as long as it promotes the security of the state.
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Fundamental Premise of Liberalism
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The relationship between states and the surrounding society in which they are embedded critically shape behavior by influencing the social purposes underlying state preferences.
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3 Core assumptions of Liberalism
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1. The fundamental actors in international politics are individuals and private groups2. States represent some subset of domestic society3. The configuration of interdependent state preferences determine state behavior.
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3 Mechanisms of cooperation in Liberalism
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1. Economic interdependence2. Democratic Peace3. International Institutions
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Defining Principle in Constructivism
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Constructivism emphasizes how ideas are created, how they evolve, and how they shape the way states understand and respond to their situations.
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Marxism vs. Neomarxism
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Marxism: Capitalism is the central cause of international conflictNeomarxism: capitalist powers develop and perpetuate relationships with developing countries for the capitalist power's benefit.
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4 Key ideas to the strategic approach
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1. Leaders, not states, are the central players2. A leader's priority is to stay in office, and they choose policies the ensure their survival3. Policies that have long-term benefit for the nation, but not the leader, are unlikely to be chosen.4. International relations are strategic: choose best outcome knowing others are doing the same.
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EU(Member of a coalition | loyal)
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(public goods+private goods)/winning colatition
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EU(Member of a coalition | defect)
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(Probability of inclusion in winning coalition)*(public goods + private goods) + (1-probability of inclusion in the winning coalition)*(public goods)
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