Intercultural Communication Ch. 6

A socially constructed and learned creation usually associated with one's sex; masculinity and femininity. People are born into a sex group, but learn to become masculine or feminine. The meaning of gender stems from the particular culture's value system.

A membership group whose norms, goals, and values shape the behavior of the members. Extreme ingroups see the actions of an outgroup as threatening.

A group to which a person belongs and has no choice but to belong, such as a person's sex, race, and age groups.

A group to which a person does not belong because of ineligibility.

A group to which a person belongs where there is regular interaction among members who perceive themselves as members.

A group to which a person does not belong.

A group whose attributes are dissimilar from those of an ingroup and that opposes realization of ingroup goals.

A group to which a person may or may not belong, but with which the person identifies in some way in terms of values and goals.

One's relative hierarchical position or rank in a group. A role is a prescribed set of behaviors that is expected in order to fulfill the role. Roles prescribe with whom, about what, and with which others to interact.

A designation of people based on biological genital differences.

A prescribed set of behaviors assigned to different sexes.

The total combination of one's group roles. A part of the individual's self concept that is derived from the person's membership ingroups.

A culture's organization of roles into a hierarchical vertical status structure.

The roles that one assumes within a culture; roles are defined by verbal and nonverbal messages.

A membership group to which a person belongs out of choice, like a political party or service organization.