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What are a set of norms, or culturally prescribed expectations, that define how people of one gender ought to behave referred to as?
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Gender Roles
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What are Gender Stereotypes?
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A rigid set of beliefs about a group of people that distinguishes them from others
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What are generalizations that distinguish one gender from the other?
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Gender Stereotypes
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What is Socialization?
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The ways in which society conveys to the individual its norms or expectations for his or her behaviour
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What are Gender Messages influenced by?
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Culture, time period, and environment (parents, peers, media, schooling)
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At which age can we acquire gender expectations and sort concrete pictures?
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2 and a half to 3 years
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At which age can we sort abstract pictures?
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2 to 4 years
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At 6-8 years what can we do in terms of gender messages?
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Show gender stereotypes, and attach value to gender
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Social Learning theory holds that gender socialization occurs through what?
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Reinforcement and punishment
Direct teaching
Observational learning
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Hamilton et al. found that what happened in children's books between 1980 and 2001?
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There was no decline in gender stereotyping, gender occupations continued
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In the content analysis of 101 significant G-rated films what was found?
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3/4 of characters are males, and males were seldom shown as parents or committed partners
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What is the most common job for females? (Found in the content analysis of G-rated films)
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White collar work, such as clerical
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What were the 3 most common job for males? (Found in the content analysis of G-rated films)
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White collar, blue collar, military
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What does Acculturation mean?
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The process of incorporating the beliefs and customs of a new culture
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In relation to Gender Schema Theory, what happened when children were told the game they were playing was for their own gender?
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They performed better and reported liking the game more
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