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Cards In This Set
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Distinguish between anabolism and catabolism. 123
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Ana: building molecules
Cata: breaking down molecules |
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Distinguish between dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis. 124
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Dehydration-joins many simple sugar molecules
Hydrolysis- decomposes carbohydrates |
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Describe how an enzyme interacts with its substrate. 125
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Enzymes only work with a specific molecule which is the substrate. The enzyme's polypeptide chain twist corresponds to the particular shape of its substrate.
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Define cofactor. 126
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A nonprotein component that helps the molecule attain its shape or helps bind the enzyme to its substrate.
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Distinguish between aerobic and anaerobic phases of cellular respiration.128
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Aerobic requires oxygen, anaerobic doesnt
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Match the part of cellular respiration to the associated activities:
1) electron transport chain 2) glycosis 3) citric acid cycle A. Glucose molecules are broken down into pyruvic acid B. Carrier molecules and enzymes extract energy and store it as ATP, releasing water and heat C. pyruvic acid molecules enter mitchondria, where CO2 and energy are released. 128-132 |
1) B
2) A 3) C |
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Excess gluclose in cells may be linked and stored as ____________________. 132
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Glycogen
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Distinguish between a gene and a genome. 133
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Genome is made of genes
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If a DNA strand has the sequence ATGCGATCCGC then the complementary sequence on the DNA strand is: 135
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TACGCTAGGCG
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Describe the events of DNA replication 135
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Hydrogen bond breaks, and the strands unwind then new nucleotides attached to the exposed bases, forming new hydrogen bonds.
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Distinguish the difference between transcription and translation 140
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Transcription -
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Functions of mRNA, rRNA, tRNA 142
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MRNA- delivers info from the nucleus to the cytoplasm
rRNA- forms part of the ribosome tRNA- algins amino acids that enables them to bind together |
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Describe the function of a ribosome in protein synthesis 142
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Adds amino acids to mRNA
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Discuss two major ways that mutation occurs 144
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Spontaneously - due to chemical tendency of free nitrogenous bases to exist in an unstable form that attach to exposed DNA strands.
Induced-Response to exposure to radiation or chemicals called mutagens such as UV rays and hair dyes. |
