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Related Flashcards
Cards In This Set
| Front | Back |
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What is the first document that contains info about many poisons? Describe what is contains
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Ebers papyrus
- info about opium, leads, metals, hemlock, aconite |
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What does toxic substances include? (8)
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-chemicals produced as by-products
- chemicals for consumer use - chemicals produced for therapeutic reasons - natural products produced by plants, animals, fungi - natural products in earths crust - by-products of combustion of organic matter - radiation - airborne dusts and particles |
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What is the difference between drugs and xenobiotics?
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Drugs are administered in the body and xenobiotics arent.
they are foreign to the body |
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What were the earliest drugs?
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- natural compounds derived from plants, fungi
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What is the purpose of toxicology?
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1) to assess the potential of chemical substance to cause harm to human health/ environment
2) determine the magnitude of differences between therapeutic and toxic doses 3) to understand how chemicals produce their adverse effects 4) to provide scientific basis for regulating the level of chemical pollution in the workplace |
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What is the basis of selective toxicity?
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- differences in translocation factors
- differences in biotransformation - presence/absence of receptors |
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Ways of exposure to xenobiotics
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- ingestion
- inhalation - intravenous - intraperitoneal -subcutaneous - intramuscular - dermal |
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Bioavailabilty depends on
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1) nature/physical properties of the drug
2) route of admin 3) gender 4) age 5) health status |
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What is the phenomena of pharmokinetics?
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ADME
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What is pharmacodynamics?
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Mechanism of drug action, interaction between a drug and receptor,
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Types of exposure
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Acute, subacute, subchronic, chronic
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What is the difference between MOA of pharmaceutical and environmental polllutant?
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- known, unknown
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Name 2 persistant organic pollutants
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- dioxin
- PCB |
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What are the properties of POPs
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- route of exposure: oral/ingestion
- endocrine disruptors - lipid soluable - adverse effects include cancer, developmental defects |
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What are the major sources of lead?
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-oral ingestion
- car batteries, lead based paint - blood, kidney, neurological disorders - children more susceptible because haven't developed the blood brain barrier - treatment: chelation |
