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Related Flashcards
Cards In This Set
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early years of US history / employers / resisted unionization
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In the ________________, there was no legislative framework to manage labor relations. In general _________ did not want their employees to form unions. Many of them vigorously _____________. Prior to the New Deal, unions were not very successful in forming in rail, coal, steel and most other industries.
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crafts / necessary, higher prices
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Unions did form in many of the ________. Craft workers were hard to replace. The work performed was also ________, so wage increases could be passed on in the form of ___________to customers.
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Employer resistance / fired / "blacklist" / Threats / Private detectives / spied upon / beaten, killed / Strikebreakers
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______________took many forms. Employee leaders were often _______. The names of trouble makers were circulated to other employers on what became known as a "________." _______ were frequently made to scare people. ___________ were often hired in large numbers. Pro-union employees were _________. Some were followed, ____ and ____. ___________ were commonly used to continue operations.
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Sherman Anti-trust Act / "yellow dog contracts" / evicted from company housing /
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The ____________ of 1890 was employed against unions to break strikes and boycotts. Injunctions could be obtained and triple damages might be assessed for interfering with interstate commerce. Many employers asked new employees to sign a document upon joining the company stating they would not join a union. These were later called "___________." If the signers did join a union and struck, they might be ____________.
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"company union"
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Starting in 1914, some employers tried a new method. If their employees wanted a union, they be given on, a "_______." This was a union the company controlled.
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"American Plan" / communistic and un-American.
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After the communist revolution in Russia, some American employers adopted what was known as the "____________." This referred to a propaganda campaign to tar unions as _________ and _________.
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Railway Labor Act
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In 1926, the ________________ was passed. This was aimed at creating a structure for peacefully handling labor relations issues. The Great Depression brought many capitalistic reforms. These are often called the "New Deal."
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Norris-LaGuardia Act / National Industrial Recovery Act
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In 1932, the __________________ made yellow dog contracts unenforceable and it became for harder to enjoin a strike. In 1933, Franklin Roosevelt supported the _______________. It was thought "ruinous competition" had created problems in many viable industries.
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The Supreme Court
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Employers were offered a deal under this act. They could coordinate with one another and fix prices in exchange for abiding by other progressive parts of the law. These other provisions provided for among other things a minimum wage, voluntary union recognition and a labor board. One problem was this labor board had no real teeth if the law was violated. _____________ struck this law down as unconstitutional.
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National Labor Relations Act (NLRA) / National Labor Relations Board (NLRB)
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Roosevelt persisted. In 1935, the __________________ was passed. The Supreme Court upheld this law. Under this, the __________________ was created.
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unfair labor practices (ULPs).
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The NLRA created five employer _____________________.
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1935 / Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO)
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The AFL established the Committee on Industrial Organization to explore the possibility of organizing industry. In ____, the delegates at the convention voted against doing so. A group broke away to form a competitive organization called the ___________________.
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AFL,CIO / 1955
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Sitdown strikes were effectively used to organize many rubber and auto plants . After some of the competitive leaders died, the ___ and ___ merged in _______.
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WWII / War Labor Board
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During ____, wage and price controls were put in place. A ___________ was created to deal with labor disputes.
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Labor Management Relations Act (the Taft-Hartley Act)
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In 1947, the _______________ was passed, amending the NLRA. A series of _______ was created.
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