Hormones For Cue Cards

- Chemicals produced in glands and secreted directly into the blood are referred to as endocrine hormones which the circulatory system carries to the various organs of the body.
- They are chemical controls involved in the regulation of growth, development, and homeostasis.

AKA - GH or Somatotropin (STH)
Produced - By the pituitary gland
Function - Stimulates growth of the body
Key Points - Non-target hormone

Produced - By the Islets of Langerhans in the pancreas
Function - Responsible for the regulation of blood sugar; Insulin is secreted when blood sugar levels are high
Key Points - Non-target hormone

AKA - Adrenaline
Produced - In the adrenal medulla in times of stress
Function - Accelerates heart rate and body reactions during times of stress (fight or flight response)
Key Points - Non-target hormone

- Comes from Greek "hormon" meaning "to excite or set into motion"
- Hormones serve as regulators, speeding up or slowing down certain bodily processes
- Only a small amount is needed to change cell metabolism
- Chemical regulators produced by cells in one part of the body that affect cells in another part of the body

- Group of Hormones, made from cholesterol, act on genes
- Male and female sex hormones and cortisol.
- Enter cytoplasm or nucleus and binds to a receptor which activates (or deactivates) the production of a protein. This protein in turn produces the desired effects.

- Includes insulin and GH
- Unlike steroid hormones that diffuse into cells protein hormones combine with receptors on the cell membrane
- Specific hormones combine at specific receptor sites

- A hormone that regulates metabolism
- Produced by the thyroid gland
- Increases the rate of body metabolism and regulates growth

AKA - TSH
Attaches - To the receptor sites in the thyroid gland
- Stimulates release of thyroxine

AKA - ADH
Function - Helps regulate body water
Produced - By the hypothalamus
Stored and released - In/from the posterior lobe of the pituitary
Target - Kidney

Function - Initiates strong contractions, and triggers milk release in lactating females
Produced - By the hypothalamus
Stored and released - In/from the posterior lobe of the pituitary
Target - Uterus, and Mammary Glands

- Hormone produced by the pancreas
- When blood sugar levels are low, glucagon promotes conversion of glycogen to glucose

- One of the most important "glucocorticoids"
- Produced by the adrenal cortex
- Long-term stress hormone
- Increases the level of amino acids in the blood in an attempt to help the body recover from stress
- The liver converts the amino acids into glucose raising the blood sugar levels
- Higher glucose levels provides the body a greater energy source
- Also converts a.a into proteins for repair

AKA: Noradrenaline
Produced: By the adrenal medulla
- Released into the blood from the adrenal medulla in times of stress
- Increases heart rate and blood sugar levels to initiate fight-or-flight response
- Blood vessels dilate, allowing more oxygen and nutrients to reach the tissues.
- The retina of the eye also dilates (body attempts to get as much visual information as possible in stress situations)

AKA: ACTH or corticotropin