History Test One OU HIST 1483

fortified community, near present day st Louis, with between 10000 and 30,000 inhabitants in year 1200. Its residents built giant mounds. Largest mound was 100 feet high. It was largest settled community in US until surpassed in population by new york and Philadelphia in 1800.

900 - 1200 largest structure in new mexico. Stood five stories high with over 600 rooms. Not until 1880s was a structure the same size built in the US. Community declined because of drought

arrived in Tenochtitlan in 1519, nerve center of Aztec empire. With only a few hunred men cortes conquered the Aztec city, relying on superior military technology. He had allied with the people who are the subjects of the Aztec’s which supplied him with a thousand men. His biggest ally was smallpox disease that devastated the city.

1598 he led a group of 400 soldiers, colonists, and missionaries north from mexico to establish a permanent settlement. He attacked the town of acoma , sky city located high on a bluff, killing over 800 of its 1500 inhabitants. The adult men captured were punished by cutting off on foot. In 1606 he was ordered home and punished for his treatment of the new mexico Indians

The transatlantic flow of goods and people. Plants, animals, and cultures that had evolved independently on seprate continents were now thrown together. Products introdeuced to Europe from America included corn, tomatoes, potatoes, peanuts, tobacco, and cotton. The old world transferred to the new world wheat, rice, sugar cane, horses, cattle, pigs, and sheep. Europeans also brought germs previously unknown to the Americas.

system in which officers of the Spanish conquistadors gained ownership of Indian land. Before 1550 Spanish established this system under which settlers were granted authority over conquered Indian lands with the right to extract forced labor from the inhabitants.

residents of indian villages remained legally free and entitled to wages, but were still required to perform a fixed amount of labor each year.

The image of spain as a uniquely brutal and exploitative colonizer. This provided a potent justification for other European powers to challenge spain’s predominance in the new world.the dutch tried to treat the native inhabitants more humanly than the spanish.

Settler who signed on for a tempoprary period of servitude to a master in exchange for passage to the new world; Virginia and Pennsylvania were largely peopled in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries by English and German indentured servants. In 17^th century two thirds of English settlers came as indentured servants, who voluntarily surrendered their time usually 5-7 years in exchange for passage to America. Servants could be bought or sold, could not marry without permission from owner, were subject to punishment, as saw their obligation to labor enforced by the courts.

AROSE in England in the late sixteen century. A set of religious principles and a view of how society should be organized. Puritans differed among themselves on many issues. But all shared the conviction that the church of England retained too many elements of Catholicism in its religious rituals and doctrines.

beacon to England; reform English church from outside

revolt of the Indian population in 1680 temporarily drove Spanish settlers from modern day New Mexico. Pan-indianism Indians came together. Pope lead the organization of the uprising that aimed to drive the Spanish from the colony and restore Indians’’ traditional autonomy. The pueblo revolt was the most complete victory for Native Americans over Europeans and the only wholesale expulsion of settlers in the history of north America.

Bloodiest and most bitter conflict occurred in southern new England, where in 1675 an Indian alliance launched attacks on farms and settlements that were encroaching on Indian lands. New Englanders described the Wampanoag leader Metacom as the uprising mastermind. In 1676 the tide of battle turned and a ferocious counter attack broke the Indians power once and for all. Metacom was captured and killed.

1676 accelerated Virginia’s switch from indentured servants to slaves. With voting confined to land owners and the corrupt governor of Virginia giving the good land to tobacco farmers, freed servants had no choice but to work as tenants or move to the frontier. Long simmering social tensions coupled with widespread resentment against governor Berkley’s regime erupted in bacon rebellion. Settlers demanded that the governor authorize extermination or removal of the colonial Indians, to open up more land for whites. Fearing all out warefare and continuing to profit from trade with indains in deer skin the governor refused. Beginning with a series of Indian massacres it quickly grew into an all-out rebellion against Berkley and his system of rule.

1739 A group of south Carolina slaves, most of them recently arrived from Kongo, where some were soldiers, seized a store containing numerous weapons at the town of Stono. Beating drums to attract followers, the armed band marched southward toward Florida, burning houses and barns, killing whites they encountered, and shouting liberty. The group attracted 100 slaves. The group battled the colonial militia and then dispersed. Some were killed others made it to Florida, where in 1740 they were armed by the Spanish to help repel an attack on St. Augustine by force from Georgia.