History of Civ Chapter 3

Purpose: to free Greeks who were under Persian rule, to protect against Persian rule, to obtain compensation from Persians by attacking and taking booty; led by the Athenians; was successfu

Turned athens from good domestic and foreign policies with Sparta to obvious defiance against Sparta, starting the Peloponnesian Wars; persuasive speaker, respected military leader, skillful politician

Series of wars between Sparta and Athens

Clever and ambitious Spartan general; responsible for obtaining Persian support; defeated the Athenians and won the Great Peloponnesian war for Sparta

Term that describes the cosmopolitan civilization, established under the Macedonians; combined aspects of Greek and middle Eastern cultures

Overthrew his nephew for kingship; talented in war, diplomacy; ablest king in Macedonian history; created a versatile and powerful army

Inherited his father's daring plans to conquer Persia; one of the greatest generals the world has ever seen; rare organizational talents; with a modest army he conquered a vast empire; conquered the Persian empire

Three Macedonian generals founded dynasties of significance in the spread of hellenistic culture

Founder of Dynasty 31 in Egypt, the Ptolemies, of whom Cleopatra was the last

In Mesopotamia

In Asia Minor and Macedon

People who believed the proper pursuit of humankind is undisturbed withdrawal from the world; proclaimed atoms were continually falling through the void and giving off images that were in direct contact with the senses; the falling atoms could swerve in an unpredictable way to produces the combinations seen in the world

Zeno of Cyprus founded the Stoic school; people who sought freedom from passion and harmony with nature; believed humans must live in harmony with themselves and with nature; the aim of humans and the definition of human happiness was the virtuous life

Calculated the earth's circumference within 200 miles; wrote a treatise on geography based on mathematical and physical reasoning and the reports of travelers; was more accurate than the one Ptolemy constructed(which became the standard in the middle age

Wrote "Elements"; remained textbook of plain and solid geometry until recently