History 21B

What: ice age in the Eurasian area during the mid-late 17^th century. Significance: disrupted normal agricultural patterns which peasants counted on to survive. Peasants were unhappy because they had nothing to pay taxes with; elites couldn’t pay the thrown; led to conflict and the Thirty Years’ War.

What: civil war in France during the mid 17^th century. Significance: these uprisings of the nobles and parliament caused the emergence of absolutism in France.

What: the crown exercises absolute rule and control over the people in mid 17^th century France. Significance: this form of government in France brought about the Palace of Versailles because the government would use extravagant buildings and ceremonies to wow the peasants and look more powerful.

What: put forward in the Ottoman empire during the 2^nd half of the 17^th century in response to corruption and resurgence of military power Significance: was the last effort of the Ottoman empire to run with the other European powers.

What: religious and political war in early-mid 17^th century including the Holy Roman Empire and the Spanish Empire Significance: was a deadly war, that resulted in Spanish rule out of the Holy Roman Empire and caused rebellions in Spain due to taxations to support the war.

What: overthrow of the English Monarch in the late 17^th century. Significance: Britain went from a monarchy to a constitutional monarchy, giving parliament an upper hand.

What: English joint-stock company beginning in 1600 Significance: expanded English commerce with India and China, including the trading of cotton, silk, indigo, and opium.

What: Chinese empire in the mid 17^th century-early 20^th century Significance: goal of the empire was to expand and establish economic stability and efficiency. Empire also faced rebellions from God’s Worshippers

Who: scientist who was a key figure in the Scientific Revolution during the 16^th century. Significance: condemned by the Catholic church for his belief in the sun being the center of the universe, not the Earth

What: proposed new scientific innovations beginning in the 16^th century. Significance: this movement helped separate science from religion and aided in imperialism and used for political and social problems.

What: created by Bacon Significance: structured the conduction of science through observation and hypotheses.

Who: French philosopher during the 18^th century Significance: wrote the Social Contract which promotes Republicanism and states there is always the possibility of legitimate rebellion.

Who: French philosopher in the 17^th century who invented calculus Significance: proposed that we need to have a mechanical view of the

Who: physician in Spain in the 16^th century Significance: a huge founder in the study of anatomy who broke down the body like a machine and studied muscles.

What: reasoning used as the source of legitimacy and authority in the 17^th century. Significance: promoted new political ideologies such as no absolute power, people form the government, and power is based on merit, not lineage