History 1st Exam Key Words

A law enacted in the 1850's that made it illegal to help slaves escape and also made it a person's duty to help catch an escaped slave. Important b/c it just ignited more tension on the debate of slavery, and was meant as a goodwill act by the north for the south, but many northerners didn't like it. It was brought up in lecture b/c at the time we were talking about actions leading up to the Civil War and men like Frederick Douglass and the Dred Scott case and it was one of the actions taken by the gov't that was meant to stop any slave revolution. First time slave laws were brought to the north.

1857-wisconsin was a free territory, but there were still slaves there. The Scott's moved to Wisconsin as free, and then were made to be slaves. Dred Scott took his case all the way to the Supreme Court to become free again, but lost. It was important at the time b/c it was a landmark case that really split the country. And when Dred Scott lost it obviously angered the black community and probably added fuel to the fire and helped spark revolution. It was brought up in class for the same reason in that it really ignited a lot of backlash from the black community who obviously thought it was unfair, and led a lot more people to rethink the institution of slavery.

An American marching song about the freedom fighter John Brown, who in 1859 attempted to launch an insurrection of slaves. Tried to steal weapons and spark rebellion, failed miserably and 8 or 9 died while the rest were put to death. Song written about the incident was written and performed in Boston in 1861. Important b/c in 1859 he was seen by slavers and abolitionists alike that he was a terrorist and a radical and was not doing the right thing. But just 2 years later there was a song being written about him which ended up being basically the anthem for the Civil War (Battle Hymm of the Republic uses the exact same tune). Brought up b/c the song shows just how far the country came in 2 years from being on the fence about slavery to realizing that it was a completely unjust institution.

Soon after the Civil War, plantation owners kept land title, but they would break land up into small parts and slaves would farm that land, whatever they wanted to grow, and then gave a portion to the plantation owner. It was seen as preferable to wage labor deal. Important b/c after the Civil War this was seen as a step towards more equality since these men were free now. COULD SUPPORT THEMSELVES.

Codes that were developed after the Civil War that limited the basic civil liberties of blacks. Even after the Civil War many southerners still would not accept black and whites as equals and these laws were put in place to make sure that blacks were still unequal to whites and that there would still be very cheap labor provided by blacks. There were laws put in place like making it illegal for blacks to not have a job, so that whites could pay little to nothing for hard labor, and if the blacks didn't want to work for such low pay they would get thrown in jail. It was a lose lose for blacks. Important b/c it showed how even after the war blacks were still equal and while there was the promise of reconstruction, this reconstruction was ugly and still unequal. It was brought up b/c we were talking about the failure of reconstruction to absorb equality between blacks and whites into its plan, and that blacks and whites were still far from equal, even w/o slavery. Right to marry, own property, sue in court. Vagrancy laws, apprenticeship laws.

1868-birthright citizenship, and gave equal protection under the law. Was supposed to give equality to blacks, and was the answer to the black codes and was supposed to be good, but obviously thanks to the things like the black codes and Jim Crow laws the desired effect of equality was not able to take place.

Federal army would withdraw troops from the south. In return Republicans would give up S.C. and the Democrats would now control the south. Republican's get Hayes as prez, but democrats get state power. Kind of ended reconstruction, b/c now the south could do whatever they wanted to blacks in the south.

Institutionalized racism, and legalized segregation. Mandated the separate but equal idea into American society in 1876. It was just another way for the whites to still put themselves ahead of the blacks even after the revolution. Made it legal to separate blacks and whites as long as there was equal accommodations. Important b/c at the time we were discussing the happenings after the war and how the blacks were still being treated poorly. This was just another example of how the blacks were still mistreated after the war.

Created reservation system, but the indians got the shittiest, most infertile land, and white settlers ended up actually getting much more of the land. Important b/c not only were the whites suppressing the blacks but now they were also fucking with the Indians b/c they wanted to move settlements westward. Brought up in lecture b/c it occurred soon after the Civil War ended and shows that whites thought they were better than everybody. Contradicts anti-imperialism. RESULT OF MANIFEST DESTINY

Started in 1886, saw wage workers as un-democratic, based on gilded systme, trying to innovate, new techniques and technology. During railroad strikes this grew into a mass organization. First real working-class organization. Pretty revolutionary, let almost anyone join. By late 1800's had about 700,000 members, and they were the ones who implemented the 8 hours for work, 8 for rest, 8 for what will. Important b/c at this time strikes at progressivism were at the forefront, and people wanted to have some kind of security with their job. Backlash against immigration.

Confederates saw the war as a tragedy, lost a culture and a way of life. Resulted in compromise of 1876. KKK emerged from redemption. Redemption kept racism alive in the south resulting in horrific events and racism.

Notion that the US was destined to get all of the land to the Pacific ocean. Going west was very romanticized, even when it wasn't. Resulted in expansion of US and much legislation (NW ordinance, Dawes Act). Justified US's westward movement to create the country we now have. Removal of natives was also justified.

1886-Bomb thrown at officers, officers respond angrily, open fire on public, nobody knew who threw the bomb, but 4 organizers were executed. KNIGHTS OF LABOR were criticized. Saw them as radicalism and this is where resentment towards immigrants came from. Then there was the protest in Milwaukee and 7 people were killed. After Haymarket and by 1900 only 100,000 members of the Knights of Labor remained.

Spawned from Knights of Labor members but only allowed American, white, men-skill workers. Progressivism, anti-immigrants. European immigrants were threatening to take jobs. Showed importance of labor movement and also showed increasing xenophobia. Defines the defeats of the earlier era, AKA the Knights of Labor.

1882. Barred all people of Chinese descent to immigrate to America. Actually led to Chinese boycott of American goods. Important b/c at the time unions were coming around and the Chinese were taking white jobs for cheaper pay so the whites were getting mad. Thus the act. They would come to work in America, and then they would send it back to China. Pissed them people off.