HIST 201: Outline 4 (English Colonization)

British colonies (along with Jamaica later on)

-sent by Elizabeth I on an expedition, which resulted in the colony Roanoke (off the coast of North Carolina)-he asked Elizabeth I for a charter to create colonies in the New World--was able to from between Georgia, Florida, and New Jersey (was offered a generous charter/funding)-named a whole new territory "Virginia" after Queen Elizabeth I-established the first settlement--mining expedition for gold-he later ended up being imprisoned-his first attempt: failed-second attempt to Roanoke: sent groups of men and women promising them land/provided them supplies; formed friendships with other tribes around the island; ran low on supplies/food/bad supply.

-"the Lost Colony"-off the coast of North Carolina

-a joint stock company (limited liability company)-had lots of/multiple investors.

-what Virginia was (and many other early English colonies were)-a colony started by companies-got charters from the crown to do so.

-was founded by the Virginian Company of London (after Queen Elizabeth's death)-was built on James River-was a triangular-shaped fort that was not right on the coast because of the fear of attacks/storms-named after King James I (along with "James River")-colony didn't go well--high mortality rate (diseases), bad relationships=attacks, and weak immune systems (hunger).

-a confederation of a whole bunch of villages/tribes that were coastal to the area that were led by Powhatan-farmed and had agriculture-were Algonquin speaking-produced lots of corn (stored for the winter).

-former military officer who took charge by convincing soldiers and became governor-he established military/martial law--no work=no eating-he whipped the colony into shape and formed a better relationship with Powhatan and his confederation-was captured by Powhatan and brought back to their village, but was saved from execution by Pocahontas-eventually, he left Jamestown and they people went back to old ways.

-(1610-1611) a time when the colony was wiped out-a time of heavy snowfall, no supply ships--ran out of food (so people stole from the Powhatans), people died of starvation--cannibalism (desperate).

-wars that took place after the "Starving Time"-the first one ended with a peace negotiation-the second one started with the Jamestown Massacre of 1622.

-chief Powhatan's daughter-was 12-13 years old at the time of John Smith (John Smith was about 30 or 40) -saved John Smith from execution-John Rolfe's wife-was renamed "Rebecca" and was considered an "Indian Princess"

-was willing to work hard/had ambition-wanted to make money and realized that being to grow tobacco like the Native Americans-made the connection of growing tobacco there in Virginia and started experimenting--planted the huge crop, packed up, and sold it-he turned around the economy with his tobacco idea.

-a crop that was native to the New World (grew well in Virginia=had bitter after taste)-staple crop in Virginia.

-a policy when the company gives out free land to encourage...-a policy that was brought out when Martial Law was abolished in 1618.

-a labor system where young men (usually unmarried) and rarely women (who weren't allowed to get married while working) were sold for labor for 4-7 years-a "slave" for a variation of 4-7 years-was a free passage to America-had high mortality rates--40% died before finishing contracts-was a profitable form of labor for the plant owners.