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Cards In This Set
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What are some tools that can be used for inspection?
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Otoscope, opthalmoscope, penlight, nasal and vaginal speculum
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Comes first. It begins the moment you meet a pt. It is close, careful scrutiny of the person as a whole, then of each body system
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Inspection
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Allows you to assess texture, temperature, moisture, organ location and size, swelling, vibration, crepitation, presence of lumps of masses, and presence of pain
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Palpation
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Best for fine tactile discrimination. allows you to detect the position, shape, and consistency of an organ or mass.
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Fingertips (grasping action of fingertips and thumb)
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Best for determining temperature because skin is thinner here
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The dorsa (back of the hand)
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Best for detecting vibration
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Base of the fingers
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What are important things to remember about your palpation technique?
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Make sure the hands are warm, use calm and gentle approach, should be slow and systemic, and begin with light palpation
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When you begin with light palpation what does this allow?
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The detection of surface characteristics and allows the patient to get used to your touch
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Tapping the person's skin with short, sharp strokes to assess underlying structures
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Percussion
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Why do we use percussion? (5 reasons)
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1)it maps out the location and size of an organ by exploring where the percussion tone changes between the borders of the organ and its neighbors
2)signals the density of a structure by its tone 3) detects an abnormal mass if it is fairly superficial 4) elicits pain if underlying structure is inflamed 5)elicits deep tendon reflex when using reflex hammer |
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What are the two types of percussion? describe them.
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Direct percussion:the striking hand directly contacts the body wall
indirect percussion: used more often and involves both hand. The striking hand contacts the stationary hand fixed on the person's skin |
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When do we use direct percussion?
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When percussing the infant's thorax or the adult's sinus areas.
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During percussion a structure with more air produces a ________ sound because it vibrates freely while a denser more solid structure __________ sound because it does not vibrate as easy.
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Louder, deeper, longer/ softer, higher, shorter
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Listening to sounds produced by the body such as heart, blood vessels, lungs, and abdomen
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Auscultation
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What are some important things to note about auscultation? what do we use?
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Never listen through a gown, moisten chest hair to minimize false crackles, avoid own artifacts such as thumbs. A stethoscope is used
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