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Cards In This Set
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What are the functions of the urinary system for regulation aspects of homeostasis
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Water balance
Electrolytes balance Acid-base balance in the blood Blood pressure Red blood cell production Metabolism of vit D production of hormones |
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What are the function of the unrinary system in elemination of watste products
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Nitrogenous wastes
toxins drugs |
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What is an electrolyte
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Charged particle (ions) that conduct electrical charge
e.g. Ca2+, K+, Na+ * most enter the body via food * correct balance of electrolytes must be present in the ICF and ECF * Kidneys are the major factor in regulating electrolyte balance |
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What are the characteristics of urine used for medical diagnosis
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Yellow coloured dur to the pigment urochrome (from the destruction of hemoglobin) and solutes
Sterile Slight aromatic Normal pH of around 6 |
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What are the structures of the urinary system
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Kidneys x2
Ureters x2 Urinary bladder Urethra |
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Describe the Ureters
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There are two - approc 25 - 30 cms in length 6mm thick
Extend from the Hilus of each kidney to posterier surface of the bladder at an oblique angle Convey kidneys, to the urinary bladder utilising peristalsis and gravity |
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Descibe the bladder
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 Smooth muscular sac for temporary storage of urine Anterior to rectum Anterior to uterus in female Prostate gland in males surrounds the bladder neck Empty bladder 5-7.5cms long. Moderately full - 12.5 cms. Holds between 500-1000mls Contains 3 opening and 3 layers of mucles tissue Carriers urine from bladder to exterior by persistalsis and contractio of sphincter muscles 2 sphincters: 1 internal - involuntary smooth muscle tissue 1 external - voluntary skeletal muscles Female - 3-4cms long, Males 20cms *femae higher risk of UTI due to shorter urethra |
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Describe the kidneys
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2 kidneys - 12x3x3cm - bean shaped
Located outside the peritoneal cavity just above the waist Attached to the dorsal abdominal wall by a fatty capsule * Protected by the floating ribs (11th and 12th) * Blood vessels and nerves enter and leave through a central point - the hilus or hilum * The adrenal glands lay on the superior surface of each kidney Each has 3 regions 1. Outer renal cortex where most of the 1,000,000 functions units (nephorns) are located 2. Inner renal medulla made up of renal pyramids (collecting ducts) and renal columns (remaining nephorns) 3. Central calyces and renal pelvis. Collect and direct urine to ureter |
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What are the regions of the kidneys
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 1. Outer renal cortex where most of the 1,000,000 function units (nephrons) are located 2. Inner renal medulla made up of renal pyraminds (collecting ducts) and renal columns (remaining nephrons) 3. Central calyces and renal pevlis. Collect and direct urine to ureter |
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What does RENAL refer to?
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The kidneys
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Describe a Nephron
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 The structural and fuctional unit of the kidneys Responsible for forming urine |
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Describe the glomerular capsule
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 The glomerulus is found inside the glomerular capsule |
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Describe the glomerulus
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A specialised capillary bed that sits within the glomerular sapsule
Designed to function as a mechanical filter - large afferent arteriole - narrow efferent arteriole |
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Describe the renal tubule
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1) Glomerular (Bowmans's capsule)
2) Proximal convulted (twisted or winding) tubule 3) Loop of Henle 4) Distal convoluted tubule |
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Describe the peritubular capillaries
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Efferent arteriole leaves the glomerulus, narrows into capillaries and wraps around the renal tuble
Substances can then move either from the tubule into the capillary or visa versa |
