Gymnosperms (Unit 4)

Bio 211: Unit 4

30 cards   |   Total Attempts: 188
  

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What does the name gymnosperm mean?
"Naked seed"
What is a seed?
A mature ovule
What does a seed consist of?
Many cells, a seed coat, an embryo (developed by mitosis from the Zygote), stored food
What will the embryo grow into?
A mature sporophyte
The phyla of Gymnosperms (5)
  1. Cyadophyta
  2. Ginkophyta
  3. Pinophyta
  4. Cupressophyta
  5. Gnetophyta
Gymnosperms first present around:
~360 MYADinos used to eat it
Gymnosperms are well adapted to what conditions?
  • Dry conditions
  • How?
    • Pollination
    • Lots of water transport cells
    • Leaf structure-"needle-like"
How do gymnosperms leaves help them survive in dry habitats?
  • Leaves are "needle-like"
  • Thick cuticle--minimizes water loss
  • Small surface area--sheds snow
Life cycle of Gymnosperms:
  • Oogamous (large non-motile egg and a smaller motile sperm)
  • Heteromorphic alternation of generations
  • Sporophyte (2N-diploid) is dominant
  • Heterosporous, just like all seed plants
Phylum Cycadophyta
  • Other name?
  • How many species?
  • What do they look like?
  • Habitats?
Answer 10
  • The "Cycads"
  • ~140 species
  • Look like palms
  • Tropical and sub-tropical
Phylum Ginkgophyta
  • Leaves look like?
  • Height?
  • Life expectancy?
  • Unique seed coat?
Answer 11
  • Butterflies!!!
  • ~30 m
  • ~1,000 years
  • Seeds have fleshy seed coat (butyric acid)
Ginkgo biloba
  • One of the oldest living tree species
  • Resistant to air pollution
Phylum Pinophyta
  • How many species?
  • Examples?
  • ~500 species
  • Pines, firs, spruces, larches--most familiar group of gymnosperms
  • CHRISTMAS TREES
  • Can get VERY old
Phylum Cypressophyta
  • Examples?
  • What's so special about them?
  • Yews, redwoods(among largest organisms on earth), sequoias (weigh a shit ton)
  • CUPRESSES decay producing strong wood (xylem tissue)
What Phylum are included in "Conifers"? (2)
  1. Pinophyta
  2. Cupressophyta