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Glomerular filtrate:
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Water and substances are dissolved in blood plasma and forced out of glomerular capillaries into Bowman's capsule
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Glomerular filtrate is composed of:
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Water, glucose, electrolytes
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Filtration memebrane:
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Endothelial cells in glomerular capillaries join podocytes to form filtration membrane that filters water and solutes but not plasma protein or formed elements
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Glomerular endothelial cells:
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Have large fenestrations thru which solutes may pass
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Basement membrane:
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Restricts passage of particles due to their size and electro negativity
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Pedicels:
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Are foot-like extensions from podocytes that wrap around glomerular capillaries to form filtration slits that block passage of negative ions
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Kidney infections/trauma:
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Can damage filtration membrane and allow plasma membrane and formed elements to enter filtrate
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Glomerular filtration follows:
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Same principle as capillary exchange with more fluid
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Glomerular filtration--glomerular capillaries:
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Are long and provide large surface area for filtration
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Glomerular filtration--filtration membrane:
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Thin and porous
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Glomerular filtration--blood pressure:
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In glomerular capillaries is high
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Glomerular blood hydrostatic pressure (GBHP):
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Main force moving water and solutes out of blood plasma thru filtration membrane
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Capsular hydrostatic pressure (CHP):
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Opposes additional filtration because of high rate of filtration and fluid already in renal tube
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Blood colloid osmotic pressure (BCOP):
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Also opposes filtration because of plasma proteins present in plasma
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Net filtration pressure:
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Pressure promotes filtration OUT of glomerular capillaries
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