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OlivineOlive green mineral, occurs in aggregates of small round glassy grainsNo streakNonmetallicHardness of 6.5-7Density 3.5-4.5Conchoidal fracture of breakageFe Mg nesosilicate
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PyroxeneNonmetallicDark Green to BlackNo streakHardness of 6Density of 3.52 cleavage directions at about 90 degreesCa, Mg, Fe single chain inosilicateCommonly occurs in short prismatic crystalsCleavage distinguishes from amphibole
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AmphiboleNonmetallicDark Green, Brown, or BlackNo streakHardness of 6Density of 3-3.52 cleavage directions, 60 and 120 degreesNa, Ca, Mg, Fe double chain inosilicateCommonly occurs in long prismatic crystals Cleavage distinguishes from Pyroxene
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BiotiteBlack to Dark BrownCan be cleaved into thin elastic sheets (1 perfect cleavage)K, Fe, Mg, Al phyllosilicateNonmetallicNo streakHardness of 2.5-3Density pf 2.5-3.5
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PlagioclaseWhite to Blue-GrayNo streakNonmetallicHardness 6Density 2.5Two good cleavages at almost 90 degreesNa/Ca feldsparDistinguished by striations on some cleavage faces
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MuscoviteNonmetallicColorless to Pale BrownWhite StreakHardness 2.5Density 2.81 perfect cleavageK, Al phyllosilicateCan be cleaved into thin elastic plates
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OrthoclaseNonmetallicPink, White, or GreenNo streakHardness 6Density 2.52 good cleavage's at 90 degreesK feldsparDoes not have any striations on any cleavage faces
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QuartzColorless to VariableNo streakHardness 7 (scratches glass)Density of 2.65Conchoidal Fracture breakageSiO2Varieties: Smoky, Milky, Rose, AmethystAbrasive; optical and electrical apparatus
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GypsumWhite to ColorlessWhite streakHardness 2Density 2.31 perfect cleavage, 2 other poor cleavagesCaSO4 and 2H2OMay form colorless crystals or white aggregate massesUsed to make Plaster
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CalciteNonmetallicColorless to White, impurities tint it different colorsWhite StreakHardness 3Density 2.73 perfect cleavages not at 90 degreesCaCO3Cleaves to rhombohedronsVigorously effervesces in cold HCIUsed in Cement
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HaliteColorless to WhiteWhite streakHardness 2.5Density 2Perfect cubic cleavageNaCISalty taste, commonly in cubic crystalsChemical industry, seasoning, salting roads
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BariteNonmetallicWhite to YellowWhite streakHardness 3Density 4.53 good cleavagesBaSO4High Density, often in aggregate plates
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TalcNonmetallicGreen to WhiteWhite streakHardness 1Density 2.81 perfect cleavageMg PhyllosilicateSoapy feel; pearl-like luster
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ChloriteNonmetallicGreen to Dark GreenGreenish Black streakHardness 2-2.5Density 2.5-3.51 perfect cleavageFe, Mg, Al phyllosilicateCommonly occurs in small foliated massesGreasy
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GarnetNonmetallicRed, Brown, Green, and ColorlessNo streakHardness 7.5 scratches porcelainDensity 3.5-4.5Conchoidal fractureFe, Mg, Ca, Al nesosilicateCommonly occurs in 12-24 sided crystals
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