General and Organic Chemistry - Lecture 10 - Alkanes and Cycloalkanes

A compund composed of only carbon and hydrogen.

Alkanes (Chapter 11) - Only carbon-carbon single bonds
Alkenes (Chapter 12) - One or more carbon-carbon double bond
Alkynes (Chapter 12) - one or more carbon-carbon triple bond
Arenes (Chapter 13) - One or more benzene-like rings

Hydrocarbons containing only carbon-carbon single bones.

A line represents a carbon-carbon bond and a vertex and a line terminus represent a carbon atom.
Hydrogen atoms are not shown in line-angle formulas.

Compounds that have the same molecular formula but different structural formulas (different connectivity)

CH₄, C₂H₆, C₃H₈

(a) represents the same compound

(b) represents constitutional isomers

The chain that has the most most carbon atoms

The groups bonded to the parent chain

1. Find the longest chain and number it so that the substituate has the smallest number.
a) if the same substituent occurs number the times the substituent occurs by a prefix, di-, tri-, terta-, penta-, hexa-, etc. Use a comma to sperate position numbers
b)If there are different substituents at the same poition number so that one that comes first alphabetely has the lower number.
3. DO NOT include the prefixes when alphabetizing

A hydrocarbon in which the carbon atoms joined to form a ring

A cyclic hudrocarbon in which all the carbons are saturated (no double or triple bonds)
Cycloalkanes with ring sizes ranging from 3 - over 30 carbon atoms are known in nature.
Rings with 5 and 6 carbons are the most stable and six five varbonds (cyclohexanes and cyclopentanes) are common in nature.

Prefix the name of the corresponding open-chain alkane with cyclo-, and name each substituent on the ring.
If there is only one substituent on the rinf, there is no need to give it a location number
If there are more than one substituent, number the rinf beginning with the substituent of lower alphabetical order.