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Related Flashcards
Cards In This Set
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Definition of Constitutional, Configurational and Conformational Isomerism
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Constitutional isomerism: Isomers whose atoms have different connectivity.
Configurational isomerism: describes the particular arrangement of atoms (groups) in space that are connected to a central atom.
Conformational isomerism: The arrangements of atomic positions in a molecule that are generated by rotation about a single bond.
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List the types of stereoisomerism.
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Enantiomers and diastereomers
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Definition of enantiomers (give examples)
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Enantioners are stereoisomers that are mirror images of each other
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Opical activity: The equation for specific rotation.
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The structure of D- and L-glyceraldehydes: the principles for relative configurations.
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 D(+)- and L(-) glyceraldehydes |
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The Structure of R- and S-lactic acid: the principles for absolute configurations.
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 The structure of R- and S-lactic acid |
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Definition of diastereomers.
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 Diasteriomers are stereoisomers that are not mirror reflections of each other. |
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Definition of a racemic mixture.
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A racemic mixture is an equimolar mixture of enantiomers. It is optically inactive and does not cause a rotation in the plane polarized light
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Strucure and optical activity of meso-tartaric acid
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 The molecule is optically inactive. The top half cancels out the bottom half. Therefore the molecule as a whole is achiral and does not cause a rotation of plane polarized light |
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List the methods for the resolution of racemic mixtures.
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Resolution is basically the seperation of a racemic mixture into its enantiomeric components.
3 methods of resolution: Crystallization, chromatography and the use of enzymes.
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Homologous series of alkanes (containing 1 to 10 carbon atom): structure and name for each.
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 Structure and name for each alkane |
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Structure of staggered and eclipsed ethane
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 Structure of staggered and eclipsed ethane |
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Structure and name for the isomers of butane.
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 N-butane, isobutane |
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Structure of 2,3-dimethyl-butane.
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 2,3-dimethyl-butane |
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Structure of 3-ethyl-3-methyl-hexane
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 3-ethyl-3-methyl-hexane |
