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What are the 7 criteria of antisocial personality disorder (of which you must fit three in order to be diagnosed wiht the disorder)?
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1) Failure to conform to social norms
2) Deceitfulness, lying, use of aliases, manipulation 3) Impuslivity, failure to plan ahead 4) Irritability, aggressiveness 5) Reckless disregard for the safety of self or others 6) Consistent irresponsibility 7) Lack of remorse, indifferent to or rationalizing having hurt others |
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Describe the procedure and results of the Rice, Harris & Cormier (1992).
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Procedure
- Large scale study with 300 participants - Long term, intensive therapy taking place over 2 years - Subjects were motivated to succeed so they could be discharged from the hospital Results - non-psychopaths showed decreased rate of re-offending - Psychopaths showed increased rate of re-offending Impact: caused people to believe you cannot reat psychopaths successfully Problems - Not randomized control - Retrospective - Control group was schizophrenics - Use of drugs and questionable techniques |
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What are the 6 behavioural items on the PCL-R?
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1) Need for stimulation/proneness to boredom
2) Poor behavioural controls 3) Early behavioural problems 4) Lack of realistic, long term goals 5) Impulsivity 6) Irresponsibility |
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What are the 5 emotional-interpersonal items on the PCL-R?
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1) Glibness/superficial charm
2) Grandiose sense of self worth 3) Conning/manipulative 4) Shallow affect 5) Callous/lack of empathy |
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Describe the procedure and results of the Salekin (2002) study.
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Meta Analysis
- 42 study - Measured the improvement of psychopaths in treatment 5 Types of Therapy: 1) pharmacotherapy 2) psychoanalytic 3) therapeutic community 4) cognitive-behavioral 5) rational-emotive Results - 86% non-recidivence for CBT and insight - 62% non-recidivence for CBT - 59% non-recidivence for psychoanalytic - Therapeutic community and ECT were the worst Cumulative Results - Mean success rate for therapy = 62% - Mean success rate for control = 20% Problems - Based on flawed studies (i.e. with no controls, or case studies) - Lots of informaiton missing in studies |
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What percentage of the U.S. population is African American?
What percentage of people in the prison system are African American? How many of these are psychopaths? |
% of American population that is A.A. = 13%
% of A.A. in the prison system = 49% However, the number of psychopaths in prison are equally distributed among race |
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Describe the procedure and results of the Cambridge study in Delinguent Development.
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Procedure
- Followed 400 participnts over 40 years - Looked for links between environmental factors and and antisocial behavior Predictors of Psychopathy - High PCL scores and conviction rate - Having a criminal parent - Low income - Uninvolved family - Neglect |
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Describe the procedure and results of the Weiler (1996) study.
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Procedure
- Used court records to identify abused children Results - Victims of childhod abuse and/or neglect had significantly higher PCL-R scores than children in a matched control group |
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Describe the procedure and results of the Blonigen (2003) study on twins.
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Procedure
- Looked at MZ and DZ twins to determine the extent of genetic influence Results - Genetic influence: 29-59% of variance - .74 correlation between callous/unemotional and impulsive/antisocial factors |
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What are the genetic factors that may cause psychopathy?
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1) Monoamine oxidase A gene promotor
- Variant leads to low activity, causing aggresion - 30-50% of people carry this gene - Requires gene x environment interaction 2) Fearlessness hypothesis - Lower threshold for feeling fear - Galvanic skin response is lower in psychopaths during experiments where they are aware they are about to be shocked |
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What are the two major factors that the PCL-R identifies and what do they predict?
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1) Combination of interpersonal and affective traits
- Strongly related to predatory violence, emotional processing defects, and poor treatment response 2) Combination of unstable and socially deviant traits - Strongly related to re-offending, substance abuse, lack of educaiton, poor family background |
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What are 4 benefits of self-report questionnaires?
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1) They are able to measure emotions/attitudes not easily observed by others
2) They are easy to administer, quick to score, and relatively inexpensive 3) It is not necessary to worry about inter-rater reliability 4) Some questionnaires include measures of response styles to detect faking good or faking bad |
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What are two self-report scales?
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1) Psychopathic Personality Inventory (PPI-R)
2) Self Report Psychopathy Scale (SRP) |
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Psychopaths are more likely to do what 6 things compared to other criminals?
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- Start their criminal career at a young age, persist longer, engage in more (and more variety of) violent offences, engage in more violence within institutions and re-offend after release
- Engage in instrumental violence as opposed to reactive violence - Target people they don’t know for the purpose of revenge or material gain - Deny responsibility for murder - Leave the scene of the murder - Have male victims |
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Male psychopaths in heterosexual relationships tend to do what 8 things?
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· Talk their victim into victimization
· Lye · Economically abuse · Emotionally abuse/psychologically torture · Cheat · Isolate and coerce · Assault · Mistreat children |
