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Ethnic group
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A group of people who share a common cultural and historical identity, typically linked to a belief in common descent.
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Volksgeist
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(German) Literally, the spirit of the people; the organic identity of a people reflected in their culture and, particularly, their language.
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Culturalism
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The belief that human beings are culturally defined creatures, culture being the universal basis for personal and social identity.
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Tribalism
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Group behaviour characterized by insularity and exclusivity, typically fuelled by hostility towards rival groups.
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Xenophobia
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A fear or hatred of foreigners; pathological ethnocentrism.
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National self-determination
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The principle that the nation is a sovereign entity; self-determination implies both national independence and democratic rule.
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Universalism
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The theory that there is a common core to human identity shared by people everywhere.
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Human rights
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Rights to which people are entitled by virtue of being human; universal and fundamental rights.
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Ethnic cleansing
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The forcible expulsion or extermination of ‘alien’ peoples; often used as a euphemism for genocide.
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Euroscepticism
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Opposition to further European integration, usually not extending to the drive to withdraw from the EU (anti-Europeanism).
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Jingoism
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A mood of public enthusiasm and celebration provoked by military expansion or imperial conquest.
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Pan-nationalism
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A style of nationalism dedicated to unifying a disparate people through either expansionism or political solidarity (‘pan’ means all or every).
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