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European Union
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A group of 28 European countries that abide by common laws and practices.
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North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
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A defense pact formed in 1949 between the US, the UK, and several other western European states. It has since expanded and is still very active today.
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Euro
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The common currency of the eurozone
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Iron Curtain
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A term coined by British leader Winston Churchill to capture the profound political and human divisions separating the western and eastern parts of Europe.
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Berlin Wall
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The wall that divided Soviet East Berlin from American, French, and British West Berlin during the Cold War, until its fall in 1989.
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International governmental organizations (IGOs)
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Organizations that states join to further their political or economic interests.
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National leaders
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Individuals who hold executive offices as a result of which they are entitled to make foreign policy and military decisions on behalf of their countries.
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State
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A political entity with two key features: a piece of territory with reasonably well-defined borders, and political authorities who enjoy sovereignty.
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Sovereignty
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The effective and recognized capacity to govern residents within a given territory and an ability to establish relationships with governments that control other states.
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Nation
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Collections of people who share a common culture, history, or language.
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Nation-state
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A political unit inhabited by people sharing common culture, history, or language.
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Non-state actors
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Actors other than states that operate within or across state borders with important consequences for international relations.
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Civil society
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Collections of non-state actors that operate outside the sphere of government or business control.
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Interest
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Some condition of the world sufficiently important that a state is willing to pay meaningful costs to attain or maintain it.
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Strategy
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The overarching connection of means to an end for a state. A strategy aims at a policy objective, and outlines what policy instruments will be used to attain that objective.
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