Chapter 13 - Comparative Government and Politics, 11th Edition

Actions by individuals intended to influence who governs or the decisions taken by those who do.

Takes place within formal politics and the law.

Takes place outside formal politics or even the law.

The phenomenon by which some – such as the poor and the unemployed – are discouraged from taking part in collective decision-making because of their marginal position in society.

The idea that voting is an irrational act given the time and effort involved and the minimal chance that any one voter can make a difference.

The range of views held on an issue of public concern by the members of an affected community.

A series of questions asked in a standard way of a systematic sample of the population in order to gauge public opinion.

Similar to an opinion poll but involving a more detailed questionnaire. Such surveys are often commissioned by governments or academic researchers.

Buying or boycotting goods or services for political or ethical reasons.

A moderated discussion among a small group of respondents on a particular topic, used to explore the thinking and emotions behind people’s attitudes.

An arrangement by which people are briefed by, and can question, experts and politicians on a given topic before their own opinions are measured.

A body that operates with formal rules and informal conventions which, intentionally or unintentionally, advantage men over women.

Politics based on patron–client relationships. A powerful figure (the patron) provides protection to lower-status clients in return for their unqualified allegiance and support.

Elite-controlled involvement in politics designed to express popular support for the regime.