FINAL Psych 102 Chapter 5

Form of sexism characterized by attitudes about women that reflect both negative, resentful beliefs and affectionate and chivalrous but potentially patronizing beliefs and feelings

-Refects both hostile sexism (negative and resentful feelings toward women) and benevolent sexism (affectionate, chivalrous, but potentially patronizing feelings toward women)

Theory that direct contact between hostile groups will reduce prejudice under certain conditions

Conditions:
1. Equal status
2. Personal interaction
3. Cooperative activities
4. Social norms

Behavior directed against persons because of their membership in a particular group

Two or more persons perceived as related because of their interactions, membership in the same social category or common fate

Overestimate of the association between variables that are only slightly or not at all correlated

-People perceive illusory correlations between groups and traits when the traits are distinctive or when the correlations fit prior notions

Racism that operates unconsciously and unintentionally

-Individual differences in implicit racism can preduct differences in perceptions of and reactions to others based on their race. Ex. White perceivers who are relatively high in implicit racism are more likely to perceive hostility in the facial expressions of a black person than in the facial expressions of a white person

Tendency to discriminate in favor of ingroups over outgroups

-More intense among people whose identity is closely tied to their group

Groups with which an individual feels sense of membership, belonging, and identity. (identify with)

Cooperative learning method used to reduce racial prejudice through interaction in group efforts

-Schools often fail to meet the conditions for reducing prejudice, in part because competition is too high. One program that is designed to foster intergroup cooperation and interdependence suggest that the right kinds of contact can improve attitudes and behaviors in a school setting

Form of prejudice that surfaces in subtle ways when it is safe, socially acceptable, and easy to rationalize

Tendency to assume that there is greater similarity among members of outgroups than among members of ingroups

Groups with which an individual does not feel a sense of membership, belonging, or identity. (do not identify with)

Negative feelings toward persons based on their membership in certain groups

Old-fashioned: blatant, explicit, unmistakable
Modern: subtle form that tends to surface when it is safe, socially acceptable, or easy to rationalize

Prejudice and discrimination based on a person's racial background, or institutional and cultural practices that promote the domination of one racial group over another

-Over the years, various date show decline in negative views of black Americans

-People's ambivalence concerning race can lead them to exhibit biases in favor of or against particular groups, depending on the context

-Often works implicitly, as stereotypes and prejudice can fuel discrimination without conscious intent or awareness on the part of perceivers

-Researchers use covert measures to detect and measure modern and implicit racism and other subtle forms of prejudice and discrimination

-Seeing a member of racial outgroup is associated with increased activation in amygdala, a brain structure associated with emotion

-Interracial interactions can feel threatening, can provoke anxiety, and can drain cognitive resources, particularly among people relatively high in implicit racism

-Worried about appearing racist in interracial interactions, whites in particular may try to avoid interracial interactions or may go out of their way to avoid any mention of race even when it is relevant

Theory that hostility between groups is caused by direct competition for limited resources