Famous People in Psychology

Founder of scientific psychologyFounded first formal lab
Studied consciousness using introspection in Leipzig, GermanyAssociated with school of Structuralism - early psychological perspective that emphasized units of consciousness and identification of elements of thought through introspection; breaking down mental processes into basic components.Titchener = student Wrote Principles of Physiological Psychology

"Father of psychology"Wrote Principles of Psychology James-Lange theory of emotion says emotion is the mind's perception of physiological conditions that result from some stimulusAssociated with School of Functionalism - early psychological perspective concerned with how an organism uses its perceptual abilities to adapt to its environment

One of the founders of School of Functionalism and philosophy of pragmatism Carr, Mead, and Angell also proponents of Functionalism

Established School of Behaviorism - analysis of behavior and reactions is the only objective method to get insight into human actions; learning as a result of experienceKnown for experiments in classical conditioningThought thinking consisted of "subvocal speech" Little Albert experiment"Twelve infants" quote

Part of the Behaviorist SchoolKnown for experiments in operant conditioningInvented the operant conditioning chamber ("Skinner box")Schedules of reinforcement

"Father of psychoanalysis"Psychoanalysis - concerned with how unconscious instincts, conflicts, motives and defenses influence behaviorFree association, theory of transference, interpretation of dreams, id, ego & superego, theory of psychosexual development, thanatos, eros Daughter = Anna

Helped lay foundation for psychoanalysisWorked with Freud

Founder of analytical psychologyCollective unconsciousArchetypesAnima and animus

Founder of the school of Individual PsychologyMost famous concept = inferiority complex and emphasis on power dynamics Personality types = getting/leaning, avoiding, ruling/dominant, socially useful Emphasized birth order as influencing style of life (idiographic measure)

Classified as Neo-Freudian Detailed theory of neurosis: a continuous process with neuroses occurring sporadically during life; named ten patterns of neurotic needs (moving toward, against or away from people aka compliance, aggression, and detachment)Criticized Freud's theory of penis envySelf-actualization is a person's aim throughout life (we have real self and ideal self)

Psychoanalyst known for development of Self Psychology Tripartite (three-part) self can only develop when the needs of one's self-states are met Extended Freud's theory of narcissism and introduced "self-object transferences of mirroring and idealization"

Among the founders of the humanist approach Person-centered or client-centered therapyPerceptual field = reality for an individual Phenomenal field = changing world of experience Behavior = goal-directed attempt at satisfying needs "Unconditional Positive Regard" Main issue is the development of the self-concept

Founder of the Humanistic approachConceptualized the "hierarchy of human needs" Basic Needs Security and Stability Love and Belonging Self-Esteem Self-Actualization

Developed systematic desensitization

Social learning theorists who proposed the frustration-aggression hypothesis