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Afferent pathways
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Ascending pathways that transmit sensory impulses to the brain
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Aneurysm
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A cardiovascular disease characterized by a sac-like widening of an artery resulting from weakening of the artery wall
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Anterior Cord Syndrome
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Condition that is caused by bony fragments or pressure compressing the arteries of the anterior spinal cord and resulting in loss of motor function and sensation to pain, light touch, and temperature below the injury site.
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Aphasia
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Inability to use or understand language (spoken or written) because of a brain lesion, impairment of language, usually caused by left hemisphere damage either to Broca's area or Wernicke's area
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Arachnoid mater
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Delicate web-like middle layer of the meninges
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Arteriovenous malformation
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Abnormal malformed connection between vein and artery. Lacks capillary bed to modulate pressure changes
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Autonomic dysreflexia
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Massive sympathetic stimulation unbalanced by the parasympathetic nervous system because of spinal cord injury, usually at or above T6
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Axonal transport
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Two-way passage of proteins, organelles, and other material along an axon
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Basal ganglia
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A mass of neurons lying in the forebrain that is important in controlling movement and coordination
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Basilar skull fracture
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A fracture of the base of the skull
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Battle's sign
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Bruising behind an ear over the mastoid process that may indicate a skull fracture.
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Blood- brain barrier
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A feature of blood vessels supplying the brain that allows only certain substances to leave the blood and interact with brain tissue
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Brain herniation
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Displacement of brain tissue resulting from excessive pressure.
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Broca's area
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An area of the frontal lobe, usually in the left hemisphere, that directs the muscle movements involved in speech
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Brown- Sequard syndrome
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Partial transection of spinal cord causing ispilateral proprioception and motor dysfunction, in addition to contralateral pain and temp loss
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