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ABO incompatibility transfusion reactions
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A type of transfusion reaction that occurs when a patient possesses antigens to a blood type and receives that blood type
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Adaptive immune system
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A collective term for the response of the small lymphocytes to antigens; these cells require contact with an antigen before they develop their defensive mechanisms
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Innate immune system
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A collective term for the response to pathogens and their products of all types of leukocyte other than small lymphocytes; these cells and their defensive mechanisms do not require contact with antigens before they develop
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Aerobic metabolism
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The cellular process in which oxygen is used with glucose to produce energy in an EFFICIENT manner.
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Albumin
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Protein in blood; maintains the proper amount of water in the blood
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Anaerobic metabolism
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Occurs when the demand for oxygen is greater than the body's ability to deliver it; alternative pathway converts glucose to pyruvic acid and produces a very small amount of ATP
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Anaphylactic Shock
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Hypersensativity reaction to systemically introduced antigen that causes circulatory collapse and suffocation due to tracheal swelling
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Anaphylactoid reaction
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Reaction that clinically mimics an allergic reaction but is NOT mediated by IgE antibodies, so not a true allergic reaction
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Antigen
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Any substance that triggers an immune response
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Arterial oxygen content
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Total amount of oxygen in the arterial blood
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Cardiac index
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A measure of the cardiac output of a patient per square meter of their body surface area; normal is 2.8 to 4.2 L/min/m2.
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Cardiac output
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Volume of blood pumped by one ventricle per minute; (SV x HR)
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Cardiogenic shock
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Shock, or lack of perfusion, brought on by inadequate pumping action of the heart; typically from heart attack or congestive heart failure.
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Cryoprecipitate
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Blood product that has clotting factor 8 and 13, and fibrinogen; very improtant in DIC management; activates your own endogenous heparin and stops the clotting.
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Cytokines
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Chemicals released by the immune system that attack infections and communicate with the brain to elicit anti-illness behaviors
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