Exam 5 Review

It is the units that make up DNA. Nucleotides are composed of a 5-carbon sugar (deoxyribose), a phosphate group, and a nitrogen base (each nucleotide has only ONE of the four; A, C, T, G)

A polymer is made up of many nucleotides covalently bonded together (polynucleotide). They are chains of macromolecules linked via covalent bonds.

Alternating phosphates and the 5-carbon sugar molecules.

The form assumed by DNA in living cells, referring to its two adjacent polynucleotide strands wound into a spiral shape.

The double ring structure called Adenine and Guanine

The single ring structure called Thymine and Cytosine

A type of weak chemical bone formed when a partially positive hydrogen atom from one polar molecule is attracted to the partially negative atom in another molecule. The bases are joined together by hydrogen bonds and always bonds via complimentary base pairing.

Adenosine (A), Cysosine (C), Thymine (T), and Guanine (G)

Adenosine - ThymineGuanine - Cytosine
This is ALWAYS how the nitrogenous bases will pair (adenosine WILL NEVER pair with guanine or cytosine and Cytosine WILL NEVER pair with adenosine or thymine).

There are two differences between DNA and RNA. Each RNA nucleotide contains a ribose sugar (instead of a deoxyribose in DNA), a phosphate, and one of the four nitrogenous bases. The difference between the nitrogenous bases of DNA and that of RNA is that thymine (T) in DNA is translated into Uracil (U) in RNA.

Watson and Crick.

DNA polymerase.

RNA polymerase.

It is the making of mRNA from DNA, the molecules involved are DNA and mRNA, and it occurs in the nucleus.

It is the turning of mRNA into an amino acid sequence. It involves mRNA, rRNA (ribosomes), and tRNA. It occurs in the cytoplasm.