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Related Flashcards
Cards In This Set
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What are enzymes?
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They are proteins made up of amino acids that speed up chemical reactions
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What are substrates?
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The thing that enzymes act on
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Carbon and covalent bonding
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Carbon is an element present in all organics; carbon has 6 protons/electrons which means that carbon likes to form 4 covalent bonds
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What is a hydrocarbon chain?
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 A bunch of carbon connected through covalent bonds filled with hydrogen around it to fill out all of the carbons missing electrons |
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What does it mean to be saturated vs. unsaturated?
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 Saturated means that hydrocarbon bonds have the maximum number of hydrogens (i.e. there are no double bonds); unsaturated fats lack the maximum number of hydrogen atoms and therefore have double bonds |
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What are monomers and polymers?
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Monomers are single units (i.e. glucose/amino acids/nucleotides) that can be put together to form a polymer; a polymer is a bunch of the same things out together
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What is a monosaccharide, disaccharide, and a polysaccharide?
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 A monosaccharide is a single sugar molecule (glucose/fructose); a disaccharide is two monosaccharides bonded together (sucrose); a polysaccharide is many monosaccharides bonded together (glycogen/starch) |
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What is dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis?
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 D.S. is when two molecules are bonded with the removal of a water molecule (energy is stored); hydrolysis is the break up of two molecules through the addition of a water molecule (energy is released) |
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What are carbohydrates, elements/ratio, structure, function?
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 Organic molecule; H,C,O 1:2:1 ratio; function is the production of energy (ATP) |
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What are lipids, element/ratio, structure, function?
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 Organic molecules; C,H,O with no ratio; glycerol with 1,2,or 3 fatty acid (hydrocarbon) tails/chains attached to the glycerol; function is for energy storage/insulation, protection |
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What are proteins, elements/ratio, function, structure?
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 The most divers class of organic molecules; C,H,O,N with no ratio; structure is amino acids (amino group, carboxylic acid group, side chain); function is enzymes/structural |
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What are nucleic acids; elements/ratio; structure; function?
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 Organic molecules (C,H,O,N,P with no ratio); structure is a polynucleotide chains (phosphate, nitrogen base, sugar); function is to store genetic information |
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Name a monosaccharide/disaccharide/polysaccharide?
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Mono=glucose, fructosedisac=sucrose, lactosepolysac= glycogen, starch
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What is glycogen?
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Energy cells in animals
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What is starch?
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Energy cells in plants
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