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What is direct calorimetry expenditure and how does it measure energy expenditure?
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Rate and quantity of energy production measures body heat production. unit=calorieDirect measures resting metabolismCARBS/FATS/PROTEINS + 02 = HEAT +CO2+H2O
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What is indirect calorimetry and how does it measure energy expenditure?
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The total body expenditure measured by respiratory gases. Measures O2 consumption.respiratory exchange of O2 and CO2 must be completely oxidative. (real life scenario)
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What physiological adaptations would change our ability to consume O2? (4)
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1.make a fair comparison of individuals who are different sizes2. biological aging/lifestyles (sedentary v. active)3.gender (women have values below men)4.bodycomp and blood hemoglobin content
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Fick equation
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VO2= CARDIAC OUTPUT x arteriovenous O2 difference *CARDIAC OUTPUT=HR x SV
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VO2 expressed as "absolute"
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L or mL of O2 consumed per minute
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VO2 expressed as "relative"
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ML of O2 consumed per kg of body weight per minute
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CARDIAC OUTPUT (decrease HR x increase SV) (4)
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1. increase heart thickness2. increase force of contraction3. increase ventricular size4. increase blood volume
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A-VO2 difference( out of blood into muscles)(3)
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1. increase mitochondria2. increase capillaries3. increase enzymes
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RER>1.10
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=CO2/O2near 1.10 anaerobic metabolism and aerobic capacity has ran out
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Stroke Volume
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Total amount of blood the heart can pump in a minute and the volume
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How the metabolic system measures O2 CONSUMPTION (L/min)
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VO2= (VI X FIO2) - (VE X FEO2)volume of air inspired X fraction of O2 in the inspired air - volume of air expired X fraction of oxygen in the air expired
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How the metabolic system measures CO2 CONSUMPTION (L/min)
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VCO2=(VE X FECO2) - (VI X FICO2)volume of air expired X fraction of CO2 in expired air - volume of inspired air X fraction of CO2 in the inspired air
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What 3 gases make up inspired air
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1. O2= 20.93%2.CO2 =0.04% 3. N2 = 79.03%
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How do we measure VO2 Max (4)
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1. warm up2. perform 6-12 min. of incremental exercise until exhaustion (increase speed, grade, or resistance every 2-3 min. until exhaustion)3.Measure VO2 through out the test using indirect calorimetry4.cycle vs. treadmill (specificity of training or ability)
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How do we measure VO2 during exercise
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1.acute response: increase linearly with intensity2. training response (aerobic): -decrease at submax levels compared to before training -increase max VO2 (10-20%)3.VO2 Max:relative values: -untrained= <=25ml/kg/min -average= ~38-42ml/kg/min -trained= >=50 ml/kg/min
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