Ethics Excelsior Exam

Reporting a fact without any implied evalation.i.e. This is a red car.

Value judgements and prescriptive judgements. They typically express or presuppose norms or standards rather than simply reporting scientifically verifiable facts.i.e. This is a good car.

A judgement that presupposes some standard of quality or goodness that i believe is met.i.e. This is a good car.

Guiding and directing and regulating about what is right and wrong.

Argues between what is right and wrong.i.e. You ought to have returned the ten dollars I gave you.

Teaching somebody ettiquite or an ability which does not have moral signifigance.i.e. You ought to hold your violin this way.

The aim of normative ethics is to identify and explain the most basic moral judgements about right and wrong or good and bad. It does not presume to tell us what people think is right or wrong. It aims to tell us what IS right or wrong. Applied ethics may be considered a branch of normative ethics. It is when philosopheres seek to characterize, not what is right or wrong in most general terms, but what is right or wrong in specific kinds of cases. i.e abortion, euthanasia, animal rights, racism, sexism, violence, and war.

A person asserts that some event must inevitably follow from another event. This person ignores the series of steps or gradations that would almost certainly intervene between the event under discussionand the unacceptale event. i.e. If we send a few troops to fight overseas now, we will soon be sending thousands."

A logical fallacy in which a person misrepresents someone's position so that it can be more easily attacked and torn down. i.e. My neighborvoted against the proposal to build a new high school. I wonder why he is against education.

A person argues that there are only two alternatives when, in fact, there are more than two. i.e. Look, you are going to have to buy this car now, or you will have to learn to get along without one.

The principle of double effect recognizes that sometimes our actions have two effects: those that we inted and those that are foreseeable but which we do not intend. According to this principle, w are to be held morally accountable only for the effects that we intend.

No. Beauchamp says that morality is "a set of standards pervasively acknowledged by the members of a culture" He emphasizes the role society plays in establishing rules and standards of conduct and says that "individuals do not creat morality."

Literally "above ethics." A normative approach. It involves nonevaluative analysis of the meanings of the central terms in ethichs such as right, obligation, good, virtue, and responsibility. i.e. The proper analysis of the term morality.

"An action is morally right if, and only if, it produces at least as great a balance of value over disvalue as any available alternative action. i.e. Zimbardo offers a utilitaria defence of his research by underscoring the favorable balance of good over harm that resulted from the experiment.

Usually Principals of strict obligation. Claim that oneo r more fundamental principles of ethichs differ from the principle of utility.i.e. Never treat another person merely as a means to your own goals.