+
Related Flashcards
Cards In This Set
| Front | Back |
|
Five Schools of Philosophical Thought
|
Egoism, Utilitarianism, Universalism, Virtue Ethics, Feminist Ethics
|
|
Egoism
|
"Selfishness is a virtue" *Ayn Rand* Altruism is not in your self interest. It is ok to be selfish; Interested in maximizing the good stuff for yourself, family, business
|
|
Limitations of Egoism
|
Not everyone is self-interested (parenting); How does democratic consensus occur
|
|
Utilitarianism
|
Jeremy Bentham- Hedonistic Utilitarianism= best consequences brought greatest pleasure; Rightness vs. wrongness is based on its consequences
|
|
Three Roles of the State for Utilitarianism
|
1. Don't let people suffer needlessly2. Encourage abundance3. Equality of means
|
|
Philosophy
|
Study of thought and behavior (descriptive)
|
|
Normative Philosophy
|
Study of proper thought and proper conduct- tells us what we should do (perscriptive)
|
|
Morality
|
Standards of behavior
|
|
Ethics
|
Systems of beliefs
|
|
Ethical relativism
|
Technique in moral reasoning where you try to identify universal principles that all groups can follow
|
|
Golden Rule
|
Do unto others as you wish they do unto you
|
|
Public disclosure
|
Would you do it if it were on the front page newspaper tomorrow?
|
|
Universal test
|
If everyone else were to engage in the activity, would the world be a better place?
|
|
Utilitarianism (John Stuart Mill)
|
Eudaemonistic-Best consequences generate greatest amount of happiness (long-term)-The ends justify the means-Greatest good for greatest amount of people
|
|
Limitations of Utilitarianism
|
1. Actions not judged, only consequences2. Aggregate over individual
|
