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Related Flashcards
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Cards In This Set
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Density
& what is its symbol? |
The amount of mass that fits into space
symbol: ρ |
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Formula for density
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Density = mass/volume = ??
kg/m3
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Unit for density
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kg/m3
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Stratification
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The building of layers
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Do the less-dense materials float on top of denser materials or vice a versa?
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LESS-DENSE materials float on top of DENSER materials.
less/more |
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Stratification of Atmosphere (Name from top down)
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Exosphere (escape) ThermosphereMesosphereStratosphereTroposphere (storms)
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Stratification of Ocean
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Surface zone/mixed layerPycnoclines/thermoclinesIntermediate layersDeep/abyssal/benthic/trench
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Stratification of Earth
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Lithosphere (solid, crust)Asthenosphere (plastic rock) Mesosphere (solid rock)Outer core (liquid metal)Inner core (solid metal)
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Why are disaster scales are based on the Order-of-Magnitude concept?
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- quantifies intensity using logarithmic scales - many disaster scales uses a "power" surrogate (substitute) to indicate intensity
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Order of Magnitude
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-> powers of ten
100= 1101= 10102 = 100103 = 1000104 = 1000010p However, most of the time the graph is off-scale because of its too small or too large therefore = exponential curve. |
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What is the power 3 a surrogate measure of? & What is the power 4 a surrogate measure of?
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Power 3 is a surrogate measure of 1000power 4 is a surrogate measure of 10,000
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Natural disaster's intensity vs frequency
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More intense disasters occur less frequently.
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Return period (RP)
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Average # of years b/w disaster events of the same magnitude (M)
examples: "a 50-year storm""a 10-year storm" |
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Formula for a the Return Period (RP)
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RP (M) = time span of data/# of cases of magnitude
ex. Saffir-Simpson category 5 hurricaneRP (5) = 70 years/2 casesRP (5) = 35 years |
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Natural disasters intensity/frequency and its relation to the economical consequences
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-more intense disasters occur less frequently -but when these less frequent disasters DO occur, the require huge expenditures of time and money for recovery. -financial loss from natural disasters - exceeds $50 billion per year. -risks associated with natural hazards change with time because of changes in land-use patterns.
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