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Signaling
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The act of a high-quality individual agreeing to serve on a company's board of directors, which indicates that the individual has the potential to be successful.
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Liability of Newness
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Situation that often causes new firms to falter because the people who start the firms can't adjust quickly enough to their new roles, and because the firm lacks a "track record" with customers and suppliers.
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Brand Equity
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The set of assets and liabilities that is linked to a brand and enables it to raise a firm's valuation.
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Brand Management
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A program that protects the image and value of an organization's brand in consumers' minds.
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Market Segmentation
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The process of studying the industry in which a firm intends to compete to determine the different potential target markets in that industry.
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Target market
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The limited group of individuals or businesses that a firm goes after or tries to appeal to at a certain point in time.
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Marketing mix
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The set of controllable, tactical marketing tools that a firm uses to produce the response it wants in the target market; typically organized around the four Ps -product, price, place, promotion.
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Viral marketing
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A new marketing technique that facilitates and encourages people to pass along a marketing message about a particular product or service.
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Guerilla marketing
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A low-budget approach to marketing that relies on ingenuity, cleverness, and surprise rather than traditional techniques.
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Niche market
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A place within a large market segment that represents a narrow group of customers with similar interests.
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Reference Account
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An early user of a firm's product who is willing to give a testimonial regarding his or her experience with the product.
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Tagline
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A phrase that is used consistently in a company's literature, advertisements, promotions, stationery, and even invoices to develop and to reinforce the position the company has staked out in its market.
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Buzz marketing
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An awareness and sense of anticipation about a company and its offerings.
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