English A-level Flashcards

A word that joins together different parts of a sentence. (and, but, however, or)

The associations that a word has.

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Usually begin with a capital letter. They refer to specific people and places: Paris, Andrew, Venus.

Are less specific and refer to types of people, places, feelings etc..: city, man, planet, excitement. Most nouns are common nouns, which can be subdivided further.

Refers to things that exist physically - computer, hand, house, tiger.

Refers to things that do not exist physically: feelings, ideas, qualities - friendship, sadness, democracy.

Refers to groups of people, animals or objects: team, family, flock.

The line of argument that claims men and women use language differently owing to cultural differences and pressures.

All female talk is cooperative in that it helps speakers negotiate discussions and support each others rights as speakers.
These patterns are not present in mixed talk, as they have different social pressures.

All female talk is collaborative. Women use far more positive politeness strategies than men. Men tend to be less complimentary and supportive in all-male talk.

All-male talk presents a reduced need to save face, therefore me use insults as a way of expressing solidarity. There is little cooperation with all male talk.

Research into words used with connotations of 'sleeping around'. 200 words for women found, and only 20 for men. Usually 'mens' phrases are positive.

Conducted the research into interruptions, in same sex conversations interruptions are on average equal. However in mixed sex men interrupt more, 96% more compared to women.

Because of social position women are more tentative in their speech. Using expressions like 'would you mind?' and tag questions. As well as this, women have a wider vocabulary for colours, his research know as the 'Colour Theory'