Explain the Dosage, Precaution and Uses of Following Paramedic Drugs Flashcards

Description:  Specially prepared charcoal that will adsorb and bind toxins from the gastrointestinal tract Indications:  Acute ingested poisoning Contraindications:  An airway that cannot be controlled  Ingestion of cyanide, iron or ethanol  Ingestion of mineral acids or methanol  Ingestion of caustic alkalis or organic solvents Precautions:  Administer only after emesis or in those cases where emesis is contraindicated Dosage/Route:  1 gram/kg PO or via NG tube

Description:  Inhibits agents that cause the production of inflammation, pain, and fever  Inhibits platelet aggregation Indications:  Chest pain suggestive of an MI Contraindications:  Hypersensitivity to salicylates  Ulcer disease  Asthma Precautions:  Allergies to other NSAIDs  Bleeding disorders  Children or teenagers with varicella or influenza like symptoms Dosage/Route:  160 to 325 mg PO (chewable)

Description:  Blocks the parasympathetic nervous system, specifically the vagal effects on heart rate  Does not increase contractility but may increase myocardial oxygen demand  Decreases airway secretions. Indications:  Hemodynamically significant bradycardia  Bradyasystolic arrest  Organophosphate poisoning Contraindications:  None in the emergency setting Precautions:  AMI  Glaucoma Dosage/Route:  Asystole/PEA 1 mg IV/IO q. 3 to 5 min (max. 3 doses)  Symptomatic bradycardia: 0.5 mg IV. Q. 3 to 5 min to 3 mg. Ped: 0.02 mg/kg IV, 0.03 mg/kg ET, may double and repeat IV dose in 5 min up to 1 mg. Adolescent: 1 mg x 2  Organophosphate poisoning: 2 to 5 mg IV/IM/IO to 15 min. Ped: 0.05 mglkg IV/IM/IO 10 to 15 min.

Description:  Naturally occurring agent that can “chemically cardiovert” PSVT to a normal sinus rhythm. It has a half-life of 10 seconds and does not cause hypotension. Indications:  Narrow, supraventricular tachycardia refractory to vagal maneuvers. Contraindications:  Hypersensitivity  2nd and 3rd degree heart blocks  Sinus node disease  Asthma Precautions:  May cause transient asytole Dosage/Route:  6 mg rapid IVP with a 10CC saline flush. May be repeated with 12 mg rapid IVP with a 10CC saline flush  Ped: 0.1 mg/kg to a max of 6mg rapid IVP. May be repeated with 0.2 mg/kg to a max of 12mg rapid IVP.

Description:  Synthetic sympathomimetic that causes bronchodilation with less cardiac effect then epinephrine that reduces secretions, pulmonary capillary leaking, and edema in the lungs during an allergic reaction. Indications:  Bronchospasm  Asthma in COPD Contraindications:  Hypersensitivity Precautions:  Patient may experience, tachycardia, anxiety, nausea, cough or dizziness Dosage/Route:  2.5 mg in 3 cc of NS via nebulizer, repeat as needed  Ped: 0.15 mg/kg in 3 cc of NS via nebulizer, repeat as needed

Description:  Antidysrhythmic that prolongs the duration of the action potential and refractory period. Indications:  Life threatening recurrent ventricular and supraventricular dyrythmias Contraindications:  Hypersensitivity  Cardiogenic shock  Severe sinus Bradycardia  2nd and 3rd degree heart blocks Precautions:  Hepatic impairment  Nursing mothers  children Dosage/Route:  150 to 300 mg IV over 10 minutes, then 1mg/min over the next 6 hours  Ped: 5 mg/kg IV/IO

Description:  Increases myocardial contractile force and increases ventricular automaticity. Indications:  Hyperkalemia  Hypocalcemia  Hypermagnesemia and calcium channel blocker toxicity Contraindications:  Ventricular fibrillation  Hypercalcemia, and possible digitalis toxicity Precautions:  It may precipitate toxicity in patients taking digoxin  Ensure the IV line is in a large vein and flushed before using and after calcium. Dosage/Route:  2 to 4 mg/kg IV {10% solution) repeat at 10 min, as needed.  Ped: 60-100 mg/kg IVIIO repeat at 10 min, as needed.

Description:  Long-acting synthetic adrenocorticoid with intense anti-inflammatory activity  Prevents the accumulation of inflammation generating cells at the sites of infection or injury Indications:  Anaphylaxis  Asthma  COPD  Spinal cord edema Contraindications:  No absolute contra indications in the emergency setting. Precautions:  Herpes simplex  Myasthenia gravis  Hepatic or renal impairment  Diabetes  CHF  Seizures  Psychic disorders  Hypothyroidism  GI ulceration. Dosage/Route:  4 to 24 mg IV/IM Ped: 0.5 to 1 mg/kg.

Description:  Dextrose is a simple sugar that the body can rapidly metabolize to create energy. Indications:  Hypoglycemia Contraindications:  None in hypoglycemia Precautions:  Increased ICP  Ensure good venous access Dosage/Route:  25g (50 mL) IV. Ped: 2 to 4 mg/kg of a 25% solution IV.

Description:  Benzodiazepine sedative  Skeletal muscle relaxant that reduces tremors Indications:  Major motor seizures  Status epilepticus  Premedication before cardioversion  Acute anxiety Contraindications:  Hypersensitivity to the drug  Shock  Coma  Acute alcoholism, depressed vital signs  Obstetric patients, neonates Precautions:  Psychosis  Depression  Myasthenia gravis  Hepatic or renal impairment  COPD  Due to a short half-life of the drug, seizure activity may recur Dosage/Route:  Seizures: 5 to 10 mg IV/IM. Ped: 0.5 to 2 mg IV/IM  Acute anxiety: 2 to 5 mg IV/IM. Ped: 0.5 to 2 mg IM.  Premedication: 5 to 15 mg IV. Ped: 0.2 to 0.5 mg/kg IV.

Description:  Rapid-acting cardiac glycoside used in the treatment of CHF and rapid atrial dysrhythmias  Increases the force and velocity of myocardial contraction and cardiac output  Decreases conduction through the AV node, thus decreasing heart rate Indications:  Increase cardiac output in CHF  Stabilize supraventricular tachydysrhythmias Contraindications:  Hypersensitivity  V-fib, or V-tach except due to CHF Precautions:  Toxicity potentiated by an MI and with hypokalemia, hypocalcemia  Advanced heart disease  Incomplete heart block, corpulmonale  Hyperthyroidism, respiratory impairment Dosage/Route:  0.25 to 0.5 mg slowly IV  Ped: 10 to 50 mcg/kg I Description:  Rapid-acting cardiac glycoside used in the treatment of CHF and rapid atrial dysrhythmias  Increases the force and velocity of myocardial contraction and cardiac output  Decreases conduction through the AV node, thus decreasing heart rate Indications:  Increase cardiac output in CHF  Stabilize supraventricular tachydysrhythmias Contraindications:  Hypersensitivity  V-fib, or V-tach except due to CHF Precautions:  Toxicity potentiated by an MI and with hypokalemia, hypocalcemia  Advanced heart disease  Incomplete heart block, corpulmonale  Hyperthyroidism, respiratory impairment Dosage/Route:  0.25 to 0.5 mg slowly IV  Ped: 10 to 50 mcg/kg IV

Description:  Slow calcium channel blocker  Dilates coronary and peripheral arteries and arterioles  Increases circulation to the heart and reducing peripheral vascular resistance Indications:  SVT  A-fib  A-Flutter Contraindications:  Hypersensitivity  Sick sinus syndrome  2nd- or 3rd-degree heart block  Systolic BP >90, diastolic BP >60  Wide-complex tachycardia and WPW Precautions:  CHF (especially with beta blockers)  Conduction abnormalities  Renal or hepatic impairment Dosage/Route:  0.25 mg/kg IV over 2 min, may repeat in 15 min with 0.35 mg/kg followed by a drip of 5 to 10 mg/hr not to exceed 15 mg/hr over 24 hours.

Description:  Blocks histamine release, thereby  Reduces bronchoconstriction, vasodilation, and edema Indications:  Anaphylaxis  Allergic reactions,  Dystonic reactions Contraindications:  Asthma and other lower respiratory diseases Precautions:  Hypotension  Headache  Palpitations  Tachycardia  Sedation  Drowsiness Dosage/Route:  25 to 50 mg IV/1M.

Description:  Naturally occurring catecholamine that increases cardiac output  Maintains renal and mesenteric blood flow while inducing vasoconstriction and increasing systolic blood pressure. Indications:  Non-hypovolemic hypotension (70 to 100 mmHg)  Cardiogenic shock Contraindications:  Hypovolemic hypotension without aggressive fluid resuscitation  Tachydysrhythmias  V-fib Precautions:  Occlusive vascular disease,  Arterial embolism.  Ensure adequate fluid resuscitation of the  Hypovolemic patient Dosage/Route:  2 to 20 mcg/kg/min. titrated to effect.  Ped: same as adult.

Description:  Naturally occurring catecholamine that increases heart rate, cardiac contractile force myocardial electrical activity, systemic vascular resistance, and systolic blood pressure  Decreases overall airway resistance and automaticity  Through bronchial artery constriction, may reduce pulmonary congestion and increase tidal volume and vital capacity Indications:  Restore rhythm in cardiac arrest and severe allergic reactions Contraindications:  Hypersensitivity to sympathomimetic amines  Narrow angle glaucoma  Hemorrhagic, traumatic, or cardiac shock  Coronary insufficiency Precautions:  Elderly, debilitated patients  Hypertension, diabetes  Hyperthyroidism,  Asthma, emphysema Dosage/Route:  Arrest: 1 mg of 1:10,000 IV q. 3 to 5 min Ped: 0.01 mg/kg 1:10,000 IV/IO q. 3 to 5 min.  Allergic reactions: 0.3 to 0.5 mg of 1:1,000 SQ q. 5 to 15 min as needed or 0.5 to 1 mg of 1:10,000 IV if subcutaneous dose ineffective or severe reaction.  Ped: 0.01 mg/kg of 1: 1,000 SQ/IO to 15 min or 0.01 mg/kg of 1:10,000 IV if SQ dose ineffective or severe.