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Cards In This Set
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How is the flow of energy and nutrients in an ecosystem?
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Energy - one way trip
nutrients - cycle
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What are autotrophs?
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Primary producers, store energy in C compounds (photo-chemo-synthesis)
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Heterotrophs?
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Feed on other organisms; depend on C and energy fixed by autotrophs
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2 types of autotrophs
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1) photosynthetic: terrestrial - vascular plants; aquatic - phytoplankton and algae
2) chemosynthetic: oxidize sulfur (O, ammonium, iron, hydrogen); nitrifying bacteria are ecologically important - make N in accessible form to plants
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3 types of heterotrophs
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1) herbivores: feed on plants (primary consumers)
2) carnivores: feed on herbivores (secondary consumers)
3) detritivores/decomposers: feed on non-living organic matter (fungi and bacteria); parasites
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2 types of parasites
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Endoparasites: live inside host's body
ectoparasites: live on surface
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What are parasitoids?
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Host is always consumed or killed by the parasitoid (one of a few)
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What is similar btw parasites and parasitoids?
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Both manipulate behavior and physiology of host
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What is phoresy (type of commensalism)?
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When org uses another org for flight transportation
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Difference btw obligate and facultative mutualism?
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O: need eachother for survival (lichens)
f: not necessary for survival
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Symbiotic vs non-symbiotic mutualism?
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S: physically co-exist, obligatory
ns: live seperately; depend on eachother, usually facultative
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Trophic mutualism
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* partners in obtaining energy and nutrients
* bacteria in rumen of ungulates
* lichens
* mycorrhizae
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Defensive mutualism
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* food/shelter in return for defense
* cleaning mutualism
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Dispersive mutualism
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* food in return for dispersal
* seed dispersal, pollination
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Examples of mutualistic relationships animals have with microorganisms?
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Nutritional value of plant tissue varies
(fruit-cellulose and lignin)
often symbiosis with fungi and bacteria
* adaptations in herbivore
* digestive tacts to facilitate fermentation
* deep sea communities
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