Eastern Europe

Religion based hierarchal systemDelegation of reponsibility Bureaucratic codification6th century Justinian rule-- restore Rome

Mongol invasion 1237-1241Russia divided into small kingdoms Tartars controlLeft day to day control locals

Ivan III/IV Free from Mongols--1480Empire expanded eastwardRussia -- centralization of authority Peter the Great -- St. Petersburg as capitalParliamentary governmentSecret PoliceFirst Russian navy

Russia--tsar continued to be all powerfulPrussia--remained militaristic and authoritarian Duma created, but no real powerLocal rulers--zemstoves regulate roads, schools

Tsarist regime falls apartArmy in full retreatUSSR formed-- collapsed following cold warSoviet troops occupy eastern EuropeGorbachev tries to reconquer frees E. European updated authoritarian structure reality

Byzantine empire Most important western terminal of the Silk RoadConstantinople located on important trade routes

Trade lapsed under TartarsNorth-south commerce never returnedMoscow-- trade,tribute collector Most part, remained agricultural Trades with nomadic people

Key economy bound to agricultureDevalued merchant classLimited commercial exchangeSystemized tax systemMetallurgy and miningEconomics funded military

Backward position in tradeExported some grain to W. EuropeTrade deficit lessened by increasing serf output, not improving industry- realizes the need to industrializeBut still doesn't want to be materialistic

COMECONEconomies nationalizedCollectivization under planned controlSoviet welfare systemFocus on heavy industryLenin's New economic systemRussia-five year plan

Serfdom began in Middle AgeOriginal sin devalues women

Influx of Jews Monogamy replaced polygamyFairly free farmersBoyars-aristocrats-less political power

FeudalismPeter the Great encourages serfdomWomen and nobles forced to dress in western fashionsMen shaved beards -- denial of Mongol traditionPower of upper class women

Emancipating serfs 1861-but most indebted, life doesn't improveIncreased literacySome upper class women have access to new careersPogroms against Jews

Muslim population greatestLenin's New Economic Plan gave freedom to small business peasant landownersEducation started to specialize on literacy